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. 2016 Dec 31;6(2):226–231. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.12.009

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The administration of a DPP-4 inhibitor markedly increased bioactive GIP and plasma insulin levels after glucose load in non-diabetic subjects. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, plasma active, and total GIP and GLP-1 levels before and after DPP-4 inhibitor treatment (n = 5 in each group). (A) Blood glucose. (B) Plasma insulin levels. (C) Active GIP levels by bioassay. (D) Total GIP levels by ELISA. (E) Active GIP levels by ELISA at 0 and 15 min. (F) Active GLP-1 levels by bioassay. (G) Total GLP-1 levels by ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. White circles and white bars, before DPP-4 inhibitor treatment; black circles and black bars, after DPP-4 inhibitor treatment.