Table 1.
Cognitive scores for the dyslexic and control groups (mean and standard deviation). Dyslexics differed from their good-reader peers in all phonological tasks and in verbal working memory, but not in their general reasoning skills (Mann-Whitney U tests).
Test |
Control (STD) N = 30 |
Dyslexic (STD) N = 30 |
Mann-Whitney z value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) |
25.8 (3.0) |
24.3 (3.1) |
1.6 |
|
General cognitive (scaled) | |||
Block Design |
12.4 (2.9) |
12.1 (3.5) |
0.3 |
Digit Span |
11.1 (2.8) |
7.8 (1.7) |
4.7*** |
|
Phonological speed [items/minute] | |||
Pseudo-word reading rate |
58.4 (24.4) |
32.2 (10.5) |
4.4*** |
Single-word reading rate |
96.8 (32.5) |
68.3 (25.8) |
3.3** |
Word pattern recognition rate |
68.1 (15.2) |
39.9 (13.5) |
5.6*** |
Passage reading rate |
140.4 (23.8) |
97.8 (22.3) |
5.7*** |
Spoonerism rate |
10.0 (3.0) |
5.8 (3.2) |
4.6*** |
|
Phonological accuracy [% correct] | |||
Pseudo-word reading accuracy |
89.7 (11. 2) |
62.4 (18.3) |
5.1*** |
Single-word reading accuracy |
97.1 (4.3) |
87.6 (8.3) |
4.8*** |
Word pattern recognition accuracy |
100 (0) |
96.2 (6.4) |
4.3*** |
Passage reading accuracy |
98.6 (1.4) |
94.8 (4.5) |
4.9*** |
Spoonerism accuracy |
92.2 (6.8) |
77.9 (18) |
3.2** |
*p<0.05; **p<0.005; ***p<0.0005.