Table 3.
Distribution of children with high total difficulties and probable disorder
| Western Europe | Eastern Europe | Total | pe | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
| Germany (n = 795) | Italyc (n = 757) | The Netherlands (n = 1399) | Bulgaria (n = 1286) | Lithuania (n = 1242) | Romania (n = 1239) | Turkey (n = 800) | Weightedd | Unweighted | ||
| w% (%) | % | w% (%) | w% (%) | w% (%) | w% (%) | w% (%) | % | % | ||
| High total difficulties-parenta | ||||||||||
| All | 9.5 (9.7) | 3.4 | 7.0 (6.4) | 13.7 (13.3) | 19.0 (18.5) | 13.3 (13.3) | 14.4 (15.2) | 15.3 | 12.2 | 0.000 |
| Girls | 7.0 (7.5) | 1.0 | 6.1 (5.7) | 10.7 (10.0) | 16.6 (15.9) | 11.5 (11.7) | 10.1 (10.9) | 12.3 | 9.7 | 0.000 |
| Boys | 11.7 (11.7) | 6.0 | 7.7 (7.1) | 16.7 (16.4) | 21.5 (21.0) | 14.8 (14.7) | 18.8 (19.6) | 18.2 | 14.6 | 0.000 |
| High total difficulties-teacherb | ||||||||||
| All | 13.7 (13.2) | 7.7 | 10.4 (9.5) | 17.6 (17.1) | 20.0 (19.9) | 17.9 (18.0) | 18.2 (19.2) | 18.3 | 15.3 | 0.000 |
| Girls | 8.7 (8.0) | 4.4 | 4.5 (5.2) | 11.1 (10.6) | 13.1 (13.4) | 10.3 (10.6) | 14.5 (15.6) | 12.6 | 9.8 | 0.000 |
| Boys | 18.7 (18.4) | 11.1 | 15.1 (13.4) | 23.2 (22.9) | 26.5 (26.2) | 24.6 (24.7) | 22.1 (22.7) | 23.7 | 20.4 | 0.000 |
| Any disorderf | ||||||||||
| All | 12.6 (12.8) | 7.8 | 11.9 (10.7) | 11.2 (10.8) | 15.5 (15.2) | 12.3 (12.7) | 10.9 (11.0) | 12.8 | 11.8 | 0.000 |
| Girls | 6.7 (7.1) | 4.1 | 10.2 (9.5) | 4.9 (4.6) | 10.7 (10.7) | 9.4 (9.7) | 8.1 (9.1) | 8.7 | 7.9 | 0.000 |
| Boys | 17.8 (18.0) | 11.7 | 13.4 (11.9) | 17.3 (16.7) | 20.2 (19.8) | 15.0 (15.1) | 13.7 (12.9) | 16.7 | 15.5 | 0.006 |
| Emotional disorder | ||||||||||
| All | 2.7 (3.2) | 1.7 | 5.3 (4.9) | 2.7 (2.6) | 3.8 (3.7) | 3.8 (3.9) | 4.5 (4.6) | 3.8 | 3.5 | 0.016 |
| Girls | 2.6 (3.1) | 1.5 | 6.3 (5.7) | 1.6 (1.6) | 3.7 (3.6) | 4.4 (4.7) | 5.5 (5.9) | 4.1 | 3.6 | 0.002 |
| Boys | 2.8 (3.3) | 1.9 | 4.5 (4.1) | 3.7 (3.7) | 4.0 (3.9) | 3.3 (3.2) | 3.5 (3.3) | 3.6 | 3.4 | 0.747 |
| Conduct disorder | ||||||||||
| All | 9.3 (9.1) | 5.8 | 6.1 (5.2) | 8.1 (7.7) | 11.0 (10.9) | 8.7 (8.8) | 5.6 (5.6) | 8.4 | 7.9 | 0.000 |
| Girls | 4.4 (4.6) | 2.8 | 3.3 (3.5) | 3.3 (3.0) | 6.3 (6.4) | 4.8 (4.9) | 2.7 (3.3) | 4.4 | 4.2 | 0.063 |
| Boys | 13.6 (13.3) | 9.0 | 8.5 (6.8) | 12.8 (12.3) | 15.7 (15.4) | 12.2 (12.4) | 8.5 (7.9) | 12.7 | 11.6 | 0.001 |
| Hyperactivity disorder | ||||||||||
| All | 2.7 (2.5) | 2.2 | 2.6 (2.1) | 1.2 (1.3) | 3.2 (3.3) | 0.8 (0.9) | 1.8 (1.8) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.002 |
| Girls | 0.6 (0.5) | 0.8 | 2.1 (1.4) | 0.4 (0.4) | 1.3 (1.2) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.3) | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.234 |
| Boys | 4.7 (4.3) | 3.8 | 2.9 (2.7) | 1.8 (2.1) | 5.1 (5.4) | 1.3 (1.5) | 3.4 (3.2) | 3.4 | 3.2 | 0.007 |
Parent-defined high difficulties reflect a parent-reported total difficulties score of 17 or above
Teacher-defined high difficulties reflect a parent-reported total difficulties score of 16 or above
Weighted percentages are shown for all countries, with the exception of Italy
Weighted Total percentage does not include Italy, unweighted total percentage includes Italy
χ2 tests based on unweighted data
Analyses were limited to those children for whom both parent and teacher reports were available (total n = 5630). Specific sample sizes are as follows: Germany n = 795, Italy n = 757, The Netherlands n = 577, Bulgaria n = 1018, Lithuania n = 1135, Romania n = 1124, and Turkey n = 612