Table 1. Summary of articles conducted on FMEA (• Tick means “element reported” • the cross means “element not reported”).
| Authors | Country/City | Publication year | Process/Target equipment | Reporting FMEA steps | Facility | Participating team | Riskiest activities | Safest activity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bagnasco A, et al. | Italy/ Genoa | 2013 | The process of the relationship among specialized staff | √ Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Pediatric emergency in teaching hospitals | Nurses ,physicians, health care support workers | Lack of proper communication with and training of recipients of services | Communication at the time of evaluation for discharge |
| 2 | Castello FV, Maher A, Cable G | USA/New Jersey | 2011 | The process of parenteral nutrition in children | √ Identifying failure modes Identifying effects × Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
pediatric wards | Pharmacists, Nurses, medical technicians, therapists , Nursing educators | - | - |
| 3 | Bonfant G, et al. | Italy/ Aosta | 2010 | Process | × Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
dialysis units | - | The professional preparation stage | Consumed materials |
| 4 | Rosen M. A, et al. | Sierra Leone /Free Town | 2014 | Process and equipment | × Identifying failure modes Identifying effects × Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Maternity and trauma hospitals | Anesthetic Nurses | - | - |
| 5 | Liao CJ, Ho CC | Taiwan | 2014 | Process | √ Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Hospitals | - | Storage location | Sharp waste |
| 6 | Ashley L ,et al. | UK | 2011 | Process | × Identifying failure modes Identifying effects × Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Hospitals and outpatient oncology wards | nurses led by an interdiscipli-nary team including administrative staff and researchers of patients’ immunity | - | - |
| 7 | Abike F, et al. | Turkey | 2010 | Process | × Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Hospitals | Nurses specialized in pediatrics and obstetrics and gynecology quality | Mothers who have received pain medication and stand without help while their children are in their arms. | the patient Preparation for care delivery on admission |
| 8 | Lago P, et al. | Italy/Padua | 2012 | Process | × Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Hospitals/ pediatric wards | - | Children monitoring at the time of drug injection in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) | Preparation of the medication in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) |
| 9 | Thornton E, et al. | USA/Boston | 2010 | Process | × Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN × Presenting corrective actions |
Radiology units | - | Losing requests | The lack of nurses for patient transport |
| 10 | Lu Y, et al. | China | 2013 | Process | √ Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Blood transfusion units | An improvement quality team led by the manager of the blood transfusion unit including medical staff, nurses and IT staff as well as representatives of logistics and the field of quality control | Insufficient evaluation of requests at the time of blood transfusion and at the time of preparing before injection more than 30 minutes | Lack of testing before transfusion |
| 11 | Han TH, et al. | South Korea | 2012 | Determining blood types | √ Identifying failure modes Identifying risk effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Blood banks | Laboratory workers | Errors in test tube labels | An error in the way of shaking a test tube |
| 12 | Denny DS, et al. | USA | 2014 | The radiotherapy process | √ Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Oncological hospitals | Oncologist and Nurses specialized in radiation | Physicians’ symptomatic treatment | Treating the wrong patient |
| 13 | Weingart SN, et al. | USA/Boston | 2011 | Drugging process in patients after discharge | × Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Oncological clinics | Doctors, nurses, pharmacists, medical technicians, patients and their families, those specialized in the FMEA model, research clinics and nursing research centers | Errors in prescribing, dosage, frequency, delivery of the wrong drug | |
| 14 | Walsh KE, et al. | USA,Southwestern USAand Northwestern USA | 2012 | The process of medication | √ Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Pediatric oncology clinics | patients and the patients’ family members as well as pediatricians | The stage of change in the dosage and the lack of training parents at this stage, and disconnection of parents with clinics for follow-ups | - |
| 15 | Mesa AF, et al. | Spain | 2014 | Process | √ Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Operating room | Surgeons | Biopsy | Fixing patients on the surgical bed |
| 16 | Eijk AC, et al. | The Netherlands / Rotterdam | 2013 | Process and equipment | √ Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
NICU | Neonatologists, Professional nurses, ICU Nurses,Instructor of Nursing, PhD, students | Slow decline in fio2 | No change of alarm scope by nurses |
| 17 | Funk KH, et al. | USA | 2010 | Process | × Identifying failure modes Identifying effects × Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Operating room | Surgeons and surgical assistants, engineers of industries | - | - |
| 18 | Perks JR, et al. | USA/California | 2011 | Radiation therapy process | √ Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN × Presenting corrective actions |
Radiotherapy Clinic | Medical physicists,radiologists, oncologists, Head of the Radiotherapy Center, The secretory of the Office of Quality Improvement | Using inappropriate laser | Patient movement during treatment |
| 19 | Noel CE, et al. | USA | 2014 | Equipment | × Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Radiotherapy Clinic | Medical physicists,Oncologists, radiotherapists medical engineers | - | - |
| 20 | Duncan JR, et al. | USA/Washington | 2010 | Central catheter insertion process | × Identifying failure modes Identifying effects × Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
- | Specialists in internal medicine, surgery, radiology, emergency medicine, anesthesiology, neurology, gynecology, professional nurses, and nurses of intensive care unit (ICU) | - | - |
| 21 | Yarmohammadian MH, et al. | Iran/Isfahan | 2014 | Process | √ Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
ICU | Nurses of intensive care unit | - | - |
| 22 | Jabbari A, et al. | Iran/Isfahan | 2014 | Process | × Identifying failure modes Identifying effects √ Identifying potential causes of failure Calculating RPN √ Presenting corrective actions |
Operating room | Operating room technicians, anesthetic nurses and technicians and health workers | - | - |