Table 3.
Summary of DTI findings by tract across studies youth and adults.
| Tract and Description | Diagram of tracts | Adult findings | Youth findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Association pathways | |||
| Cingulum (CG): Connects frontal & temporal lobes, cingulate & medial gyri of frontal, parietal, occipital, & temporal lobes |  |
Greater diffusivity ↓ FA bilateral CG: interpersonal-affective traits (Sethi et al., 2015), AB + P + vs. HC (Hoppenbrouwers et al., 2013) ↓FA left CG: AB + P + vs. HC (Sethi et al., 2015) ↓AD bilateral CG: AB + vs. HC (Lindner et al., 2016) |
Greater diffusivity ↓ AD bilateral CG: AB + vs. HC (Haney-Caron et al., 2014) Lower diffusivity ↓ RD bilateral CG: psychopathic traits (Pape et al., 2015) |
| Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF): Connects temporal lobe (medially) & frontal lobe (inferiorally). |  |
Greater diffusivity ↓ FA bilateral IFOF: AB + P + vs. HC (Hoppenbrouwers et al., 2013, Sundram et al., 2012) ↓FA left IFOF: Interpersonal-affective traits (Hoppenbrouwers et al., 2013) ↓FA right IFOF: Lifestyle-antisocial traits (Hoppenbrouwers et al., 2013) ↑MD right IFOF: AB + P + vs. HC (Sundram et al., 2012) ↓AD bilateral IFOF: AB + vs. HC (Lindner et al., 2016) |
Greater diffusivity ↓ FA bilateral IFOF: CD symptoms, AB + vs. HC (Haney-Caron et al., 2014) ↓AD bilateral IFOF: AB + vs. HC: (Haney-Caron et al., 2014) Lower diffusivity ↑ FA & ↓ RD bilateral IFOF: psychopathic traits (Pape et al., 2015) |
| Inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF): connects temporal pole & occipital pole. |  |
Greater diffusivity ↓ FA left ILF: AB + P + vs. HC (Sundram et al., 2012) |
Greater diffusivity ↓ FA bilateral ILF: CD symptoms, AB + vs. HC: (Haney-Caron et al., 2014 ↓ AD bilateral ILF: AB + vs. HC (Haney-Caron et al., 2014) Lower diffusivity ↓ RD bilateral ILF: psychopathic traits (Pape et al., 2015) |
| Superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF): connects frontal lobe & parietal, occipital, & temporal lobes. |  |
Greater diffusivity ↓ FA & ↑ RD right SLF: aggressive acts (Karlsgodt et al., 2015) |
Greater diffusivity ↑ RD right SLF: CD symptoms (Decety et al., 2015) ↓FA bilateral SLF: AB + vs. HC (Haney-Caron et al., 2014, Li et al., 2005); ↓AD bilateral SLF: AB + vs. HC (Haney-Caron et al., 2014) Lower diffusivity ↑ AD right SLF: CD symptoms (Decety et al., 2015) ↓RD bilateral SLF: psychopathic traits (Pape et al., 2015) |
| UF = uncinate fasciculus (UF): connects temporal pole & orbitofrontal cortex. |  |
Greater diffusivity ↓ FA bilateral UF: AB + P + vs. HC (Hoppenbrouwers et al., 2013) ↓FA right UF: psychopathy (Wolf et al., 2015, Sobhani et al., 2015), interpersonal-affective traits (Wolf et al., 2015) & lifestyle-antisocial (Hoppenbrouwers et al., 2013), AB + P + vs. HC (Craig et al., 2009, Sundram et al., 2012), AB + P + vs. AB + P- (Motzkin et al., 2011) ↓FA left UF: lifestyle-antisocial (Hoppenbrouwers et al., 2013) AB + P + vs. HC: ↓ FA right UF (Craig et al., 2009, Sundram et al., 2012), ↑MD right UF: AB + P + vs. HC (Sundram et al., 2012) |
Greater diffusivity ↓ FA bilateral UF: CU traits, AB + CU + vs. HC (Breeden et al., 2015) ↓FA right UF: AB + CU- vs. HC: (Breeden et al., 2015) ↓AD bilateral UF: AB + vs. HC (Haney-Caron et al., 2014) Lower diffusivity ↑ FA bilateral UF: behavior problems: (Sarkar et al., 2013), psychopathic traits (Sarkar et al., 2013) ↑FA &↓RD bilateral UF: psychopathic traits (Pape et al., 2015) ↑FA left UF: AB + P + vs. HC: (Sarkar et al., 2013); ↑ FA, ↑ AD, & ↓ RD bilateral UF: AB + vs. HC (Passamonti et al., 2012) ↓RD & ↓ MD right UF: CU traits (Zhang et al., 2014a) |
| Commissural pathways | |||
| Corpus callosum (CC), forceps major (Fmaj) & forceps minor (Fmin): Connects cerebral hemispheres: anterior (Fmin) & posterior (Fmaj) |  |
Greater diffusivity ↓ FA bilateral CC: AB + P + vs. HC (Sundram et al., 2012) ↑MD right CC: AB + P + vs. HC: (Sundram et al., 2012) ↓AD bilateral CC & Fmin: AB + vs HC & clinical comparison (Lindner et al., 2016) |
Greater diffusivity ↓ FA left CC: CD symptoms (Haney-Caron et al., 2014) ↓AD bilateral CC & Fmin: AB + vs. HC (Haney-Caron et al., 2014) Lower diffusivity ↑ FA & ↓ RD bilateral CC & Fmin: psychopathic traits (Pape et al., 2015), AB + vs. HC (Zhang et al., 2014b) ↑AD right Fmin: CD symptoms (Decety et al., 2015) ↓RD Fmaj: psychopathic traits (Pape et al., 2015) |
| Projection & thalamic pathways | |||
| Fornix: Connects hippocampus & hypothalamus |  |
Greater diffusivity ↓ FA bilateral fornix: AB + CU + vs. HC: (Breeden et al., 2015) ↓FA right fornix: CU traits, AB + CU- vs. HC (Breeden et al., 2015) |
|
| Cortico-spinal tract (CT), internal capsule (IC), external capsule (EC), peduncle, & corona radiata (ACR, PCR, SCR): Connects spinal cord & cerebral cortex |  |
Greater diffusivity ↓ FA bilateral IC: AB + P + vs. HC (Sundram et al., 2012) ↓FA & ↑ MD right ACR: AB + P + vs. HC (Sundram et al., 2012). ↓AD left CR: AB + vs. HC (Lindner et al., 2016) |
Greater diffusivity ↓ FA right ACR; bilateral SCR; left PCR: CD symptoms (Haney-Caron et al., 2014); ↓FA & ↓ AD bilateral IC, peduncle, ACR, & SCR (Haney-Caron et al., 2014) ↓AD right PCR: AB + vs. HC (Haney-Caron et al., 2014) Lower diffusivity ↑ FA, ↑ AD, & ↓ RD bilateral CT: CU & psychopathic traits (Pape et al., 2015); right EC: AB + vs. HC: (Passamonti et al., 2012) ↑AD left CT & right SCR: CD symptoms (Decety et al., 2015) ↑FA right SCR: AB + vs. HC (Zhang et al., 2014b) ↑FA & ↓ RD left ACR: AB + vs. HC (Zhang et al., 2014b) |
| Anterior & posterior thalamic radiations (ATR & PTR): Connect the thalamus and visual, somatosensory, auditory, & pre-motor cortices |  |
Greater diffusivity ↓ FA bilateral ATR: AB + P + vs. HC (Hoppenbrouwers et al., 2013) ↓FA left ATR: Interpersonal-affective (Hoppenbrouwers et al., 2013) ↓FA right ATR: Lifestyle-antisocial traits (Hoppenbrouwers et al., 2013) ↓FA left PTR: AB + P + vs. HC (Sundram et al., 2012) |
Lower diffusivity ↑ FA in bilateral ATR: CD symptoms (Haney-Caron et al., 2014) & psychopathic traits (Pape et al., 2015) |
DTI acronyms: ACR = anterior corona radiata; AD = axial diffusivity; ATR = anterior thalamic radiation; CC = corpus callosum; CG = cingulum/cingulate gyrus; CT = corticospinal tract; Fmaj = forceps major; Fmin = forceps minor; FA = fractional anisotropy; IC = internal capsule; IFOF = inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus; ILF = inferior longitudinal fasciculus; PTR = posterior thalamic radiation; RD = radial diffusivity; SCR = superior corona radiata; SLF = superior longitudinal fasciculus; UF = uncinate fasciculus. Behavior acronyms: AB = antisocial behavior; CU = callous-unemotional; P = psychopathy. Behavior groupings: AB + P + = high on AB and psychopathy; AB + P- = high on AB and low on psychopathy; AB + CU + = high on AB and callous-unemotional traits; HC = healthy controls.