Table 1. Demographic and psychosocial factors by cohort for 382 youth enrolled in PHACS AMP study with perinatal HIV-infection or HIV-exposed but uninfected.
| Characteristica | HIV infection status | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) (N = 231) | Perinatally HIV-exposed uninfected (PHEU) (N = 151) | Total (N = 382) | |
| Youth characteristics | |||
| Age at entry (yrs), mean (SD) | 11.3 (2.3) | 10.3 (2.2) | 10.9 (2.3) |
| Age at cognitive assessment (yrs), mean (SD) | 13.7 (2.0) | 13.0 (1.8) | 13.4 (1.9) |
| Age at behavioral assessment (yrs), mean (SD) | 15.3 (2.4) | 14.3 (2.2) | 14.9 (2.3) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 106 (46 %) | 75 (50 %) | 181 (47 %) |
| Female | 125 (54 %) | 76 (50 %) | 201 (53 %) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White non-hispanic | 14 (6 %) | 8 (5 %) | 22 (6 %) |
| Black non-hispanic | 154 (67 %) | 84 (56 %) | 238 (62 %) |
| Hispanic | 52 (23 %) | 52 (34 %) | 104 (27 %) |
| Other/not reported | 11 (5 %) | 7 (5 %) | 18 (5 %) |
| Cognitive functioning from WISC or WAIS, mean (SD) | |||
| Full scale IQ | 85.9 (15.7) | 88.2 (14.0) | 86.8 (15.1) |
| Verbal | 88.4 (15.4) | 87.9 (14.0) | 88.2 (14.9) |
| Processing speed | 88.6 (15.1) | 91.2 (13.7) | 89.6 (14.6) |
| Perceptual reasoning | 90.1 (15.1) | 92.8 (14.9) | 91.2 (15.0) |
| Working memory | 88.1 (14.9) | 90.7 (13.1) | 89.1 (14.3) |
| Behavioral functioning from BASC-2, mean (SD) | |||
| Child-reported T-scores | |||
| Personal adjustment | 51.8 (8.7) | 52.3 (8.0) | 52.0 (8.4) |
| Internalizing | 46.1 (8.9) | 45.7 (8.8) | 45.9 (8.9) |
| School problems | 48.2 (9.6) | 47.5 (9.6) | 47.9 (9.6) |
| Inattention/hyperactivity | 50.9 (11.6) | 50.6 (11.0) | 50.8 (11.4) |
| Caregiver-reported T-scores | |||
| Adaptability | 51.3 (10.7) | 47.8 (10.4) | 49.9 (10.7) |
| Internalizing | 47.7 (10.2) | 49.9 (12.2) | 48.5 (11.0) |
| Externalizing | 49.1 (10.7) | 51.9 (10.9) | 50.2 (10.8) |
| Caregiver characteristics | |||
| Caregiver WASI category | |||
| <70 | 8 (3 %) | 8 (5 %) | 16 (4 %) |
| 70– < 85 | 64 (28 %) | 47 (31 %) | 111 (29 %) |
| 85+ | 100 (43 %) | 53 (35 %) | 153 (40 %) |
| Not done | 59 (26 %) | 43 (28 %) | 102 (27 %) |
| Caregiver relationship | |||
| Single biological parent | 70 (30 %) | 88 (58 %) | 158 (41 %) |
| Both biological parents | 31 (13 %) | 33 (22 %) | 64 (17 %) |
| Other | 130 (56 %) | 30 (20 %) | 160 (42 %) |
| Marital status of caregiver | |||
| Married or widowed | 124 (53 %) | 55 (37 %) | 179 (47 %) |
| Separated/divorced | 36 (16 %) | 26 (17 %) | 62 (16 %) |
| Single, never married | 71 (31 %) | 70 (46 %) | 141 (37 %) |
| Parent-child relationship inventory (PCRI): any problem (support, involvement, communication, limit-setting) | 90 (40 %) | 57 (41 %) | 147 (40 %) |
| Caregiver is high school graduate | 175 (76 %) | 104 (69 %) | 279 (73 %) |
| Caregiver mental health problem | 58 (27 %) | 54 (38 %) | 112 (31 %) |
| Caregiver drug abuse | 5 (2 %) | 6 (4 %) | 11 (3 %) |
| # drugs used last 6 months (self-reported) | |||
| 0 | 132 (62 %) | 74 (51 %) | 206 (58 %) |
| 1 | 44 (21 %) | 36 (25 %) | 80 (22 %) |
| 2 or more | 37 (17 %) | 34 (24 %) | 71 (20 %) |
| Household characteristics | |||
| Annual household income <$20 K | |||
| Total # in household | 95 (43 %) | 99 (67 %) | 194 (52 %) |
| 1–2 | 67 (29 %) | 45 (30 %) | 112 (29 %) |
| 3–4 | 100 (43 %) | 74 (49 %) | 174 (46 %) |
| 5 or more | 64 (28 %) | 32 (21 %) | 96 (25 %) |
| # supported by household income | |||
| 1–2 | 35 (15 %) | 21 (14 %) | 56 (15 %) |
| 3–4 | 100 (43 %) | 69 (46 %) | 169 (44 %) |
| 5 or more | 96 (42 %) | 61 (40 %) | 157 (41 %) |
| # Stressful life events | |||
| 0 | 103 (45 %) | 56 (37 %) | 159 (42 %) |
| 1 | 55 (24 %) | 39 (26 %) | 94 (25 %) |
| 2–3 | 51 (22 %) | 39 (26 %) | 90 (24 %) |
| 4+ | 22 (10 %) | 17 (11 %) | 39 (10 %) |
| Life events checklist: # negative life events | |||
| 0 or less | 70 (31 %) | 32 (21 %) | 102 (27 %) |
| 1–2 | 78 (35 %) | 53 (35 %) | 131 (35 %) |
| 3–4 | 40 (18 %) | 27 (18 %) | 67 (18 %) |
| 5+ | 31 (14 %) | 37 (25 %) | 68 (18 %) |
SD standard deviation, BASC-2 behavioral assessment system for children, second edition, WISC-IV wechsler intelligence scales for children, WAIS-IV wechsler adult intelligence scales, WASI wechsler abbreviated scales of intelligence
a
Characteristics not available or not reported for some participants, including race/ethnicity (18), household income (12), caregiver mental health, drug abuse, and # drugs reported on the Client Diagnostic Questionnaire (25), # negative life events from the Life Events Checklist (8), and parent–child relationship inventory (18)