Table 3. Structural equation model (SEM) direct path coefficients for perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and perinatally HIV-exposed uninfected (PHEU) youth in PHACS AMP study.

Model and fit statistics	Latent predictor	Cognitive functioning coefficient (SE), Z, p value	Behavioral functioning coefficient (SE), Z, p-value
SEM models in PHIV youth, N = 231
Model A. child-assessed behavioral functioning SRMR = 0.0814, RMSEA = 0.0800 BCF Index = 0.6127 $R_{F1}^2==0.22$	Cognitive functioning	–	−0.20 (0.107), Z = −1.89, 0.06
	Late presenter	−0.19 (0.084), Z = −2.28, 0.02	0.11 (0.099), Z = 1.07, 0.28
	Better past HIV health	0.40 (0.089), Z = 4.45, < 0.001	0.16 (0.122), Z = 1.33, 0.18
	HIV Control	0.05 (0.098), Z = 0.54, 0.59	0.04 (0.112), Z = 0.38, 0.70
	Home environment	0.05 (0.100), Z = 0.47, 0.64	−0.12 (0.116), Z = −1.01, 0.31
	Caregiver-Child stress	0.20 (0.127), Z = 1.56, 0.12	0.51 (0.147), Z = 3.45, < 0.001
	Caregiver resources	0.33 (0.072), Z = 4.55, < 0.001	0.02 (0.084), Z = 0.25, 0.80
Model B. Caregiver-assessed behavioral functioning SRMR = 0.0818, RMSEA = 0.0826 BCF Index = 0.6412 $R_{F1}^2==0.22$	Cognitive functioning	–	−0.29 (0.109), Z = −2.68, 0.007
	Late presenter	−0.19 (0.084), Z = −2.27, 0.02	0.03 (0.103), Z = 0.27, 0.78
	Better past HIV health	0.39 (0.089), Z = 4.42, < 0.001	0.24 (0.125), Z = 1.92, 0.06
	HIV Control	0.05 (0.098), Z = 0.50, 0.61	0.04 (0.114), Z = 0.39, 0.70
	Home environment	0.06 (0.102), Z = 0.54, 0.59	−0.20 (0.123), Z = −1.63, 0.10
	Caregiver-Child stress	0.18 (0.128), Z = 1.42, 0.16	0.50 (0.153), Z = 3.25, 0.001
	Caregiver resources	0.34 (0.072), Z = 4.68, < 0.001	0.15 (0.090), Z = 1.69, 0.09
SEM models in PHEU youth, N = 151
Model C. Child-assessed behavioral functioning SRMR = 0.0809 RMSEA = 0.0634 BCF Index = 0.8282 $R_{F1}^2==0.14$	Cognitive functioning	–	−0.13 (0.124), Z = −1.06, 0.29
	Caregiver Stress	0.15 (0.120), Z = 1.25, 0.21	0.40 (0.124), Z = 3.21, 0.001
	Caregiver relationship	0.32 (0.107), Z = 3.00, 0.003	0.11 (0.133), Z = 0.80, 0.42
	Caregiver resources	0.37 (0.100), Z = 3.76, < 0.001	−0.01 (0.116), Z = −0.05, 0.96
Model D. Caregiver-assessed behavioral functioning SRMR = 0.0831 RMSEA = 0.0751 BCF Index = 0.7898 $R_{F1}^2==0.49$	Cognitive functioning	–	−0.54 (0.116), Z = −4.61, < 0.001
	Caregiver Stress	0.12 (0.118), Z = 1.03, 0.30	0.58 (0.111), Z = 5.28, < 0.001
	Caregiver relationship	0.32 (0.107), Z = 2.95, 0.003	0.21 (0.127), Z = 1.67, 0.10
	Caregiver resources	0.38 (0.098), Z = 3.90, < 0.001	0.25 (0.114), Z = 2.23, 0.03

SE standard error, SRMR standardized root mean square residual, RMSEA root mean square error of approximation, BCF index bentler comparative fit index, $R_{F1}^2$ = is the R² for the behavioral functioning factor