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Quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthetic pathway: all QAs are derived from lysine. Enzymes involved in the pathway are L/ODC, copper amine oxidase (CuAO), and two acyltransferases (ECT/EFT-LCT/LFT and HMT/HLT). Dotted lines represent uncharacterized enzyme reactions (adapted from Bunsupa et al., 2012b).
