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. 2017 Feb;209:140–146. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.031

Table 2.

Crude and adjusted analysis of the association between antenatal depressibe symptoms (EPDS≥13) and socioeconomic, demographic and health-related characteristics. Pelotas, Brazil, 2015.

Variables Crude PR (95% CI) Pb Adjusted PR (95% CI)a Pb
Level 1
Mother´s age (years) 0.01 0.037
 <20 1 1
 20–34 0.76 (0·63–0·91) 1.21 (1.01–1.45)
 ≥35 0.78 (0·61–1·00) 1.36 (1.06–1.73)
Schooling (years) <0.001 <0.001
 0–4 5·67 (4·42–7·28) 5·47 (4·22–7·09)
 5–8 4·24 (3·36–5·34) 4·25 (3·34–5·42)
 9–11 2·28 (1·79–2·90) 2·27 (1·78–2·90)
 ≥12 1 1
Skin color <0.001 0.001
 White 1 1
 Non-white 1·70 (1·48–1·95) 1·28 (1·11–1·47)



Level 2
Living with partner <0.001 <0.001
 Yes 1 1
 No 1·66 (1·42–1·95) 1·36 (1·15–1·61)
Planned pregnancy <0.001 0.001
 Yes 1 1
 No 1·78 (1·53–2·07) 1·33 (1·13–1·57)
Number of children at home <0.001 <0.001
 0 1 1
 1 1·61 (1.36–1.89) 1·55 (1·28–1·88)
 2 or more 2·56 (2.15–3.00) 1·72 (1·38–2·15)
History of depression <0.001 <0.001
 Yes 2.93 (2.56–3.35) 2.81 (2.44–3.25)
 No 1 1
Pre-pregnancy BMI 0.044 0.444
 <18.5 1 1
 18.5–24.9 0.79 (0.53–1.19) 0.90 (0·63–1·29)
 25.0–29.9 0.80 (0.53–1.21) 0.87 (0·60–1·27)
 ≥ 30 1·02 (0·67–1·55) 1·00 (0·69–1·46)



Level 3
Smoking during pregnancy <0.001 0.012
 Yes 2·17 (1·88–2·51) 1·22 (1·05–1·43)
 No 1 1
Alcohol during pregnancy <0.001 0.002
 Yes 1·60 (1·35–1·90) 1·30 (1·10–1·55)
 No 1 1
Work outside home <0.001 0.540
 Yes 1 1
 No 1·81 (1·56–2·10) 0.95 (0·82–1·11)
Hypertension <0.001 0.123
 Yes 1·57 (1·31–1·88) 1·15 (0·96–1·38)
 No 1 1
Diabetes 0.002 0.184
 Yes 1·53 (1·16–2·00) 1·19 (0·92–1·55)
 No 1 1
Leisure-time physical activity <0.001 0.170
 Yes 1 1
 No 1·78 (0·44–0·78) 1·18 (0·93–1·49)
a

PRs shown for the adjusted analysis are adjusted for variables presenting a P value <0.20 in the same or in the upper levels of the conceptual model.

b

Wald test for heterogeneity.