Table 1.
Different environmental bacteria, in the context of their ecological role(s) with eukaryotic Hosts, as mediated by type III secretion systems.
| Bacterial partner | Eukaryotic host | Bacterial microhabitat∗ | Interaction with host | Ecological role of T3SS | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erwinia chrysanthemi | Mammal | Diverse | Parasitic | Aggregative multicellular behavior | Yap et al., 2005 |
| Escherichia coli | Mammal, Plant | Diverse | Parasitic/commensal | Adhesion and biofilm formation; colonization/inactivation of death domain; attachment to leaves | Moreira et al., 2006; Shaw et al., 2008; Li et al., 2013 |
| Salmonella enterica | Amoeba | Diverse | Parasitic/commensal | Survival in amoeba; biofilm formation and cell clumps; block exocytosis | Bleasdale et al., 2009; Jennings et al., 2012; Perrett and Zhou, 2013 |
| Sodalis glossinidius | Tsetse fly | Intracellular | Mutualistic | Enter into the host cell | Dale et al., 2001; Ochman and Moran, 2001 |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 | Amoeba, Plant | ∗∗Mycorrhizosphere | Mutualistic to plant, parasitic to amoeba | PGPR; resistance to amoeboid grazing | Barret et al., 2013b |
| Rhizobium sp. NGR234 | Plant | Rhizosphere | Mutualistic | Nodule formation | Viprey et al., 1998 |
| Burkholderia rhizoxinica | Rhizopus microsporus | Fungal endosphere | Mutualistic | Successful endomycotic life style | Lackner et al., 2011a,b |
| Burkholderia terrae | Lyophyllum sp. Karsten | Mycosphere | Mutualistic | Fungal attachment and migration impairment | Haq et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2016 |
| P. fluorescens KD | Pythium ultimum | Mycorrhizosphere | Parasitic | Reduced activity of pectinase, polygalacturonase (a pathogenicity factor) | Rezzonico et al., 2005 |
| S. enterica | Candida albicans | Diverse | Parasitic | Fungal killing | Tampakakis et al., 2009; Kim and Mylonakis, 2011 |
| P. fluorescens BBc6R8 | Plant-EMF(Douglas fir – Laccaria bicolor) | Mycorrhizosphere | Mutualistic | Promote ectomycorrhization | Cusano et al., 2011 |
| P. fluorescens C7R12 | Plant–AMF (M. truncatula mycorrhizas) | Mycorrhizosphere | Mutualistic | Promote arbuscular endomycorrhization | Viollet et al., 2016 |
∗The origin of the strain(s) and/or the environment in which the relevant study has been performed, please refer to the appropriate reference for specific details.
∗∗Generally rhizosphere is mycorrhizosphere, so we did not make specific distinction; please refer to the relavent study for specific information. EMF, ectomycorrhizal fungus; AMF, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus; PGPR, plant growth promoting rhizobacterium.