Table 1.

Physical surface features of the experimental substrates

Surface	RMSa (nm)	NT diameter (nm)	NT length (nm)
Non-anodized Ti6Al4V	3.71 ± 0.68	N/A	N/A
Ti6Al4V-NTs	19.19 ± 0.22*	70 ± 6.4	361 ± 13.1
Ti6Al4V-rough	190.66 ± 2.66**	N/A	N/A

The differences in RMS between the substrates illustrate an increase in surface roughness after anodization. The NT diameter and length were obtained from TEM and FE-SEM analyses respectively. Values are mean ± SD, n = 3

*, ** p < 0.05 compared to non-anodized Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al4V-NTs respectively

^aData obtained from 4 μm² AFM scans