Table 3.
Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographic values of the study population
| Items | AF patients (n = 34) | Healthy controls (n = 31) | Statistical values | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCS (%) | 22.5 ± 5.2 | 22.8 ± 4.6 | −0.26* | 0.790 |
| GLS (%) | 18.5 ± 3.6 | 21.0 ± 2.3 | −3.19* | 0.002 |
| LASTR4 (%) | 40.0 ± 20.2 | 50.5 ± 19.4 | −2.13* | 0.030 |
| COND4 (%) | 15.4 ± 9 | 19.6 ± 10.4 | −1.62* | 0.109 |
| ATRIAL4 (%) | 19.8 ± 9.2 | 25.1 ± 11.0 | −2.00* | 0.049 |
| SRs4 (s−1) | 1.0 (0.8/1.5) | 1.0 (0.4/1.0) | 2.04† | 0.049 |
| SRe4 (s−1) | −2.0 (−1.0/−2.4) | −2.0 (−1.0/−3.0) | 1.70† | 0.090 |
| SRa4 (s−1) | −2.0 (−1.3/−3.0) | −3.0 (−2.0/−4.0) | 2.14† | 0.030 |
| LASTR2 (%) | 36.9 ± 17.1 | 41.7 ± 16.7 | −1.12* | 0.260 |
| COND2 (%) | 13.0 ± 10.1 | 15.73 ± 10.1 | −1.00* | 0.310 |
| ATRIAL2 (%) | 17.8 ± 9.5 | 23.5 ± 12.2 | −1.95* | 0.050 |
| SRs2 (s−1) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.8 (0.4–1.2) | 0.34† | 0.730 |
| SRe2 (s−1) | −1.6 (−1.0/−2.1) | −1.6 (−0.9/−3.0) | 0.68† | 0.500 |
| SRa2 (s−1) | −2.0 (−1.3/−3.0) | −3.0 (−2.0/−4.0) | 2.37† | 0.020 |
Values were derived from four- to two-chamber views.*t values; †Chi-square values. AF: atrial fibrillation; GCS: Global circumferential left ventricular strain; GLS: Global longitudinal left ventricular strain; LASTR4−2: Left atrial first positive peak of strain; COND4−2: Plateau and return to the zero line; ATRIAL4−2: The contractile phase; SRs4−2: Peak–positive strain rate (SRs corresponds to the atrial reservoir function); SRe4−2: Peak early–negative strain rate (SRe corresponds to the atrial conduit function); SRa4−2: Peak late–negative strain rate (SRa corresponds to the atrial contraction).