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. 2017 Jan 31;46:9. doi: 10.1186/s40463-017-0185-3

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Summary of epigenetic pathways involved in oropharygeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogenic human papillomavirus integrated into the human genome, resulting in the expression of HPV-associated proteins E6 and E7. This results in alterations of p53, Rb and Polycomb Repressive Complex (shown here including EZH2, SUZ12, EED and HOXD) related pathways with downstream epigenetic deregulation in OPSCC. Overexpression of P16INK4a occurs as a result of loss of Rb and is used as clinical surrogate marker for HPV-positive OPSCC. *FOXM1 and HOTAIR are presumed to have a role in OPSCC based on studies in OCSCC