Appendix Table A.2.

Comparison of random effects estimates of relationship between a one-SD increase in the walkability index and change in each health outcome from baseline to follow-up, n=1,079 middle-aged adults who moved residential locations between 2000 and 2006

Outcome variables	Without reasons for moving to current neighborhood a		With reasons for moving to current neighborhood b
	Coefficient (SE) c,d	p-value	Coefficient (SE) c,d	p-value
Walking physical activity
Participation	0.229 (0.102)	0.024**	0.202 (0.098)	0.038**
Exercise units	4.718 (1.457)	0.001***	4.109 (1.445)	0.004***
Body mass index, kg/m2	−0.017 (0.069)	0.805	−0.018 (0.069)	0.793
Waist circumference, cm	−0.282 (0.248)	0.254	−0.260 (0.242)	0.283
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	−0.731 (0.368)	0.047**	−0.799 (0.365)	0.029**
ln(HOMA-IR) e	−0.016 (0.010)	0.116	−0.016 (0.010)	0.104
ln(triglycerides)	−0.024 (0.015)	0.113	−0.025 (0.015)	0.084*
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	−1.531 (0.812)	0.059*	−1.506 (0.790)	0.057*
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	0.271 (0.309)	0.381	0.256 (0.284)	0.367
ln(C-reactive protein)	0.040 (0.016)	0.009***	0.037 (0.016)	0.022**
Atherogenic dyslipidemia	−0.268 (0.127)	0.035**	−0.225 (0.118)	0.057*

SD = standard deviation, SE = standard error, HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, HDL = high-density lipoprotein

^*significant at 90 percent confidence

^**significant at 95 percent confidence

^***significant at 99 percent confidence

^aAdjusted for time (days between exams), sociodemographic and health covariates (baseline age, gender, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, income, household size, marital status, employment status, smoking status, and health problems that interfere with physical activity)

^bAdjusted for the above covariates as well as reasons for moving to the current neighborhood (moved for built environment reason(s))

^cStandardized coefficients represent the association between a one-SD increase in the walkability index (i.e. increase of 7.95 units) and change in each health outcome in its specified units

^dAll standard errors clustered at the follow-up Combined Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) level

^eParticipants with diabetes at baseline (n=42) excluded from HOMA-IR regressions