Figure 5.

Antitumor efficacy from RNA-NPs and capacity for immunomodulatory modification. (A) OVA RNA-NP complexes were injected once weekly (× 3) into naïve C57Bl/6 mice starting 5 d after intracranial implantation of B16F10-OVA (6,250 cells/mouse) (**p < 0.01, Gehan–Breslow–Wilcoxon test). (B) DC2.4 cells were grown in culture and transfected with GM-CSF RNA-NPs. One day later, cells were spun down and supernatants were collected for analysis of GM-CSF production by ELISA (*p < 0.05, unpaired t test). (B) C57Bl/6 mice were injected with OT-I T cells followed by a single RNA-NP complex co-encapsulated with or without GM-CSF RNA and spleens were harvested 1 week later for analysis of %antigen-specific CD8⁺ cells (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, Mann–Whitney test). (C) C57Bl/6 mice were injected with OT-I T cells followed by vaccination with a single RNA-NP (GFP RNA-NP, OVA RNA-NP, or OVA+ GM-CSF RNA-NP) complex 5 d after intra-cranial B16F10-OVA (6,250 cells/mouse) implantation (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, Gehan–Breslow–Wilcoxon test). (D) C57Bl/6 mice were injected with OT-Is followed by vaccination with a single RNA-NP (GFP RNA-NP, OVA RNA-NP, or OVA+ GM-CSF RNA-NP) complex 1 d after subcutaneous B16F10-OVA tumor (1 × 10⁶ /mouse) implantation (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, Mann–Whitney test).