Table 2.

Examples of species in which vocal production learning of conspecific contact calls has been documented with evidence that extends beyond possessing a shared call, and the social context with which it is associated

Order	Species	Level of social organization with shared call	Evidence of call learning	Social context	Reference
Psittaciformes	Budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus	Pair	Imitation over time	Mate choice	Moravec et al.2006
				Pair bond formation or mate choice	Hile et al. 2000, Hile et al. 2005
		Group	Convergence over time	Social cohesion	Hile and Striedter 2000
			Imitation or convergence over time	Mediating social associations	Dahlin et al. 2014
				Social cohesion	Farabaugh et al. 1994
	Galah, Eolophus roseicapilla	Interaction	Rapid convergence during social interactions	Mediating social associations	Scarl and Bradbury 2009
	Orange- fronted conure, Eupsittula (formerly Aratinga) canicularis	Interaction	Rapid convergence during social interactions	Mediating social associations	Vehrencamp et al. 2003, Balsby and Bradbury 2009
	Yellow-naped amazon, Amazona auropalliata	Populations	Imitation over time	Social integration	Salinas-Melgoza and Wright 2012
Passeriformes	European siskin, Spinus spinus	Pair	Imitation over time	Social integration	Mundinger 1970
	Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra	Family	Imitation over time	Family cohesion	Sewall 2011
		Pair	Convergence over time	Social affiliation	Sewall 2009
	Black-capped chickadee, Poecile atricapillus	Group	Convergence over time	Social cohesion during cooperative foraging and territory defence	Mammen and Nowicki 1981
Chiroptera	Greater spear- nosed bat, Phyllostomus hastatus	Group	Convergence over time	Group badge and cohesion during cooperative foraging and territory defence	Boughman 1998
Cetacea	Bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus	Group Group	Convergence over time	Group badge	Smolker and Pepper 1999
			Matching and imitation	Social cohesion	Janik and Slater 1998
	Orcas, Orcinus orca	Family	Divergence over time	Changing social affiliation	Ford 1991
		Family	Matching	Group-calling bouts	Miller et al. 2004