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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Mater. 2016 Sep 14;28(43):9573–9580. doi: 10.1002/adma.201603463

Figure 1. Schematic design and characterization of tPA-Ald-PM-NP-bort.

Figure 1

(A) The main components of tPA-Ald-PM-NP-bort: the platelet membrane derived from the platelets; polymeric nanoparticle made of acid-responsive modified dextran. (B) After intravenous injection, tPA-Ald-PM-NP-bort could sequentially target bone microenvironment through efficient binding between Ald and calcium ions and home to MM cells via specific affinity of P-Selectin and overexpressed CD44 receptors. After internalization, the matrix of tPA-Ald-PM-NP-bort could be dissociated by the acidity of lyso-endosome, releasing the encapsulated bortezomib. (C) tPA-Ald-PM-NP-bort could further target the thrombus that happens during the anti-MM treatment and dissolute the thrombus readily and effectively. (D) The TEM image and hydrodynamic size distribution of bare m-dextran NP. Scale bar: 100 nm. (E) The TEM image and hydrodynamic size distribution of PM-NP. Scale bar: 100 nm. (F) In vitro stability of PM-NP and tPA-Ald-PM-NP in PBS and 10% FBS. Error bars indicate s.d. (n=3). (G) Cumulative release of bortezomib from PM-NP in PBS with different pH levels. Error bars indicate s.d. (n=3).