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Inhibition of basal and TNF-α-stimulated IL-8 gene expression by BMP-4 in human colonoids. IL-8 mRNA abundance in colonoids stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of BMP-4 (20 ng/ml) was measured by QRT-PCR. Values are shown as means ± SE, n = 3, where n represents the no. of separate individuals from whom the biopsies were obtained. *P < 0.05 vs. TNF-α-stimulated IL-8 gene expression.
