Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and seizure outcome after epilepsy surgery of patients with drug resistant epilepsy with neuronal antibodies
| Patien t |
Age*/ sex |
Encephal itic phase |
Antibod y, titres (if GAD) |
CSF features |
Comorbi dity |
MRI | Immuno therapy |
Ictal EEG |
Surgery (delay) |
Outcome** (Engel) |
Inflammato ry infiltrates (additional findings) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 34/M | yes | Ma2 (serum, CSF) |
Oligoclonal bands * |
Testicula r tumor |
Unilater al MTS |
CS, Ig | Unilater al |
AMTL (1y) |
III | Yes (neuronal loss, gliosis) |
| 2 | 27/M | yes | Ma2 (serum, CSF) |
N.A. | Testicula r tumor |
Bilateral MTS |
CS, Ig | Bilateral | AMTL (7m) |
II | Yes (neuronal loss) |
| 3 | 37/M | yes | Hu (serum) |
Nomal | Testicula r tumor |
Unilater al MTS |
CS | Unilater al |
AMTL (11y) |
I | No (neuronal loss) |
| 4*** | 15/F | yes | GAD (serum, CSF) |
N.A. | Type I DM, Stiff person |
Bilateral LE |
CS | Bilateral | AMTL (6y) |
IV | Yes (hippocamp al sclerosis) |
| 5 | 9/F | yes | GAD (serum) |
N.A. | Stiff person |
Normal | CS | Bilateral | AMTL (8y) |
III | Yes |
| 6 | 24/F | No | GAD (serum, CSF) |
Oligoclonal bands ++ |
RA, cutaneou s vasculitis |
Unilater al MTS |
CS | Unilater al |
AMTL (8y) |
III | No (hippocamp al sclerosis) |
| 7 | 26/F | No | GAD (serum) |
Not done | None | Unilater al MTS |
No | Bilateral | AMTL (3y) |
IV | No (gliosis, satellitosis) |
| 8 | 19/F | No | GAD (serum) |
Oligoclonal bands ++ |
No | Unilater al MTs |
No | Unilater al |
AMTL (10y) |
III | No (abnormal cortical lamination) |
| 9 | 2/F | No | GAD (serum, CSF) **** |
N.A. | Type I DM |
Unilater al MTS |
No | Unilater al |
AMTL (61 y) |
IV | No (hippocamp al sclerosis) |
| 10 | 16/F | No | GAD (serum) **** |
N.A. | None | Unilater al LE |
No | Unilater al |
T pole resectio n (4y) |
II | Yes (gliosis) |
| 11 | 20/M | No | CASPR 2 (serum) **** |
Normal | None | Bilateral MTS |
No | Unilater al |
STRA (18y) |
III | Not available |
| 12*** | 19/M | No | LGI1 (serum) **** |
Not done | None | Unilater al LE |
No | Unilater al |
SAH (1y) |
I | Yes (gliosis, microglial activation) |
| 13 | 46/F | No | GAD (serum) **** |
Not done | Type I DM, celiac, thyroid |
Unilater al LE |
No | Unilater al |
AMTL (9m) |
II | Yes (gliosis, neuronal loss and cytomegaly |
M: male, F: female, CS: corticosteroids, RT: right temporal AMTL: anteromedial temporal lobectomy, RA: rheumathoid arthritis, STRA: stereotactic radiofrequency ablation, SAH: selective amygadalohipocampectomy, LE: limbic encephalitis, HS: hippocampal sclerosis,
*
at seizure onset.
N.A.: not available
**
at last follow up,
***
patient previously reported
****
antibodies found after surgery