Table 1.
A summary of the features of the different studies.
| Study | Imaging modality | Participants | Inference | Analysis | fMRI scanning protocol | Software | Multiple comparison correction | Task | Stimuli |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scott et al., 2000 | PET | 8 | Fixed effects | Univariate | SPM 99 | Peak level Family Wise Error (FWE) corrected, p < 0.05 | Passive | Southern British English (SBE)—Bamford Kowal Bench (BKB) sentences (Bench et al., 1979)a | |
| Narain et al., 2003 | fMRI | 11 | Fixed effects | Univariate | Sparse sampling | SPM 99 | Peak level FWE corrected, p < 0.05 | Passive | SBE BKB sentences |
| Okada et al., 2010 | fMRI | 20 | Random effects | Univariate & MVPA | Continuous acquisition | AFNI | Peak level False Discovery Rate (FDR) corrected, q < 0.05 | Active Button press (Intelligible? Y/N) | American English BKB sentences |
| Evans et al., 2014 | fMRI | 12 | Random effects | Univariate & MVPA | Sparse sampling | SPM8 | Peak level p < 0.001 uncorrected, FDR cluster corrected, p < 0.05 | Passive | SBE BKB sentences |
a
It is not possible to know exactly which individual BKB sentences were used in each study as this was not reported. The exact BKB sentences used are likely to differ across studies.