Fig. 3.

Evolution of damage (D) and schematic of stress ($\mathit{\sigma })$ showing linear softening in the constituent as a function of strain history variable (${\mathit{\kappa }}_z)$ from the moment of activation (${\mathit{\kappa }}_{0,\mathrm{z}})$ until complete failure (${\mathit{\kappa }}_{\mathrm{c},\mathrm{z},}\mathit{D}=1$)