Table 4.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Stratified by Risk of Neurological Findings (Neuroimaging and Electrophysiology)
| No Reported Abnormalities, n (%) |
Mild* Abnormalities, n (%) |
Severe† Abnormalities, n (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| At least 1 ASQ-3 (n=91‡) |
70 | 10 | 11 |
| ASQ-3 scores at high risk | |||
| Communication | 6 (8.6) | 2 (20.0) | 4 (36.4) |
| Gross motor | 36 (51.4) | 2 (20.0) | 9 (81.8) |
| Fine motor | 20 (28.6) | 1 (10.0) | 3 (27.3) |
| Problem solving | 23 (32.8) | 1 (10.0) | 3 (27.3)` |
| Personal-social | 13 (18.6) | 0 (0) | 5 (36.4) |
| All 5 | 0 (0) | 1 (10.0) | 3 (27.3) |
| Tested with BSID-III (n=33‡) |
Median (IQR), n=22 |
Median (IQR), n=7 |
Median (IQR), n=4 |
| Cognitive composite |
90 (84, 100) | 85 (75,90) | 85 (75, 90) |
| Language composite |
87 (79, 94) | 83 (77,94) | 91 (86, 99) |
| Receptive language |
8 (7, 8) | 8 (5,9) | 9 (7.5, 9.7) |
| Expressive language |
7.5 (5, 10) | 7 (5,7) | 8.5 (6.5, 10.5) |
| Motor composite | 91 (78, 97) | 82 (73,97) | 92 (77, 96) |
| Fine motor | 9 (6.7, 11) | 8 (6,11) | 10.5 (7.5, 12) |
| Gross motor | 8 (4.7, 9) | 6 (4,8) | 6.5 (4.5, 7.7) |
| BSID scores <85 | |||
| Cognitive composite |
6 | 2 | 0 |
| Language composite |
12 | 2 | 0 |
| Motor composite | 10 | 3 | 1 |
ASQ-3 indicates Ages and Stages-3 Questionnaires; BSID-III, Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III; and IQR, interquartile range (25th, 75th).
Mild neural injury defined as intraventricular hemorrhage grades I or II, partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, mineralizing vasculopathy of noninfectious origin, small subdural hematomas.
Severe neural injury defined as intraventricular hemorrhage grades III or IVH, periventricular leukomalacia, diffuse ischemia; all severe findings documented on MRI or CT.
Twenty-three patients with no known neuroimaging or electrophysiology evaluations were excluded from this table. The 2 patients with seizures on electroencephalogram also had neuroimaging findings consistent with severe neural insults.