Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2017 Feb 1;7:41535. doi: 10.1038/srep41535

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

PMC Copyright notice

(A) Current clamp recording of an oscillating TIDA neuron. Application of H/O-A results in excitation and a switch from phasic to tonic firing. Scale bar 20 mV/20Sec. (B) Current clamp recording of a TIDA neuron in the continuous presence of TTX, applied to abolish oscillation to achieve a stable baseline. Prior to application neuron was held at −65 mV with negative DC current injection and input resistance assessed with test pulses of −20pA (). The H/O-A induced depolarisation endured in the presence of TTX. To compare input resistance at peak of response with that in control, membrane potential was returned to −65 mV with additional negative DC current injection (↓) and identical test pulses reapplied (). Inset are examples of control (green) and response (red) test pulses superimposed. Scale bar 10 mV/10 Sec; inset 5 mV/50 mSec. (Bi) Population data from recordings as illustrated in (B). Application of H/O-A causes a reversible and significant depolarisation of resting membrane potential. The mean membrane potential in control, H/O-A and wash is represented by the solid line. Raw data used to produce means shown as dashed lines (n = 11; ***P < 0.001; ns; ANOVA repeated measures with post-hoc Tukey test). (Bii) The H/O-A induced depolarisation is associated with a significant decrease in input resistance (n = 11; ***P < 0.001; paired t-test). Boxes represent 25, 50 and 75 percentile with superimposed Mean ± SEM and maximum and minimum values. (C) Current clamp recording of a TIDA neuron exposed to H/O-A and, following wash and return to baseline conditions, H/O-B. Note similar reversible depolarising response to both peptides. Scale bar 20 mV/2 min. Inset – in the presence of TTX, H/O-B application causes a significant depolarisation of membrane potential. The mean membrane potential in control and H/O-B is represented by the solid line. Raw data used to produce means shown as dashed lines (n = 3; ***P < 0.001; paired t-test).

Inline graphic — (A) Current clamp recording of an oscillating TIDA neuron. Application of H/O-A results in excitation and a switch from phasic to tonic firing. Scale bar 20 mV/20Sec. (B) Current clamp recording of a TIDA neuron in the continuous presence of TTX, applied to abolish oscillation to achieve a stable baseline. Prior to application neuron was held at −65 mV with negative DC current injection and input resistance assessed with test pulses of −20pA (). The H/O-A induced depolarisation endured in the presence of TTX. To compare input resistance at peak of response with that in control, membrane potential was returned to −65 mV with additional negative DC current injection (↓) and identical test pulses reapplied (). Inset are examples of control (green) and response (red) test pulses superimposed. Scale bar 10 mV/10 Sec; inset 5 mV/50 mSec. (Bi) Population data from recordings as illustrated in (B). Application of H/O-A causes a reversible and significant depolarisation of resting membrane potential. The mean membrane potential in control, H/O-A and wash is represented by the solid line. Raw data used to produce means shown as dashed lines (n = 11; ***P < 0.001; ns; ANOVA repeated measures with post-hoc Tukey test). (Bii) The H/O-A induced depolarisation is associated with a significant decrease in input resistance (n = 11; ***P < 0.001; paired t-test). Boxes represent 25, 50 and 75 percentile with superimposed Mean ± SEM and maximum and minimum values. (C) Current clamp recording of a TIDA neuron exposed to H/O-A and, following wash and return to baseline conditions, H/O-B. Note similar reversible depolarising response to both peptides. Scale bar 20 mV/2 min. Inset – in the presence of TTX, H/O-B application causes a significant depolarisation of membrane potential. The mean membrane potential in control and H/O-B is represented by the solid line. Raw data used to produce means shown as dashed lines (n = 3; ***P < 0.001; paired t-test).