Table 1. Details on populations under study.
| Population | Label | N | Current Census | Time Since Isolation (In Years Before Present) | Isolation Factor | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Eastern Italian isolates | ||||||
| Cimbrians | CVV | 33 | 13,455 | ~1000 | G/L | Present Study |
| Sappada | SAP | 24 | 1,307 | ~1000 | G/L | Present Study |
| Sauris | SAU | 10 | 429 | ~800 | G/L | Present Study |
| Timau | TIM | 24 | 500 | 800–1000 | G/L | Present Study |
| Sardinian isolates | ||||||
| Benetutti | BEN | 25 | 1,971 | ~5000 | G/L | Present Study |
| Carloforte | CFT | 25 | 6,301 | 268 | G/L | Present Study |
| North Sardinia | NSA | 25 | 96,448 | 3900–2900 | G/L | Present Study |
| Sulcis Iglesiente | SGL | 23 | 128,540 | 2800 | G/L | Present Study |
| European isolates | ||||||
| Orkney | ORK | 15 | 21,349 | ~1300 | G | 64 |
| French Basques | BAS | 24 | ~650,00065 | 5500–3500 | L | 64 |
| South Europe | ||||||
| Albania (Gheg) | ALB | 24 | 2,831,741 | — | — | Sarno et al. in preparation |
| Croatia | CRO | 20 | 4,284,889 | — | — | 59 |
| Greece | GRE | 20 | 10,815,197 | — | — | 66 |
| Spain | SPA | 34 | 46,815,916 | — | — | 66 |
| East Europe | ||||||
| Bulgaria | BUL | 31 | 7,202,198 | — | — | 66 |
| Poland | POL | 32 | 38,511,824 | — | — | 66 |
| Russia | RUS | 25 | 144,192,450 | — | — | 64 |
| North Europe | ||||||
| Norway | NOR | 18 | 5,214,890 | — | — | 66 |
| British isles | GBR | 16 | 63,181,775 | — | — | 66 |
| West Europe | ||||||
| France | FRA | 28 | 67,264,000 | — | — | 64 |
| Italy | ||||||
| North Italy (Aosta) | NIT | 22 | 34,619 | — | — | Present Study |
| Central Italy (Piana di Lucca) | CIT | 25 | 394,318 | — | — | Tofanelli et al. unpub. data |
| South Italy | SIT | 18 | 14,184,916 | — | — | 66 |
| Sicily | SIC | 20 | 5,077,487 | — | — | 66 |
N stands for sample size, G for Geographic and G/L for geo/linguistic. References for census size and time since isolation can be found in the Supplementary Text S1. Census sizes were obtained from the National population and housing census – 2011 (ALB, BEN, CIT, CFT, CRO, CVV, GBR, GRE, NIT, NSA, ORK, POL, SAP, SAU, SGL, SIC, SIT, SPA, TIM) – 2014 (BUL) – 2015 (RUS, NOR) – 2016 (FRA).