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. 2017 Feb 1;7:41085. doi: 10.1038/srep41085

Figure 6. Metformin rescued the impaired GLP-1R level and PKA phosphorylation in PA-treated HUVECs via AMPK pathway.

Figure 6

HUVECs were pre-treated with AMPK activator AICAR for 2.5 h, or with AMPK inhibitor compound C for 30 min and then treated with metformin (1.0 mmol/L) alone (a,b) or metformin (0.1 mmol/L) and liraglutide (3 nmol/L) combination (c,d) for 2 h, followed by exposure to PA for additional 21.5 h. The protein levels of GLP-1R (a,c) or p-PKA (b,d) were normalized to GAPDH or total PKA proteins, respectively. Data are shown as means ± SD. n = 4. *P < 0.05 (vs. control); #P < 0.05 (vs. PA); †P < 0.05 (vs. PA + metformin or PA + metformin + liraglutide). Met, metformin; Lira, liraglutide; CC, compound C.