Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study participants
| Variable | T2DM subjects | Controls | P- Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 302 | 310 | |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 57.6 ± 9.4 | 57.2 ± 9.5 | 0.65 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 213 (70.5) | 75 (24.5) | <0.0001 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 178 (58.9) | 181 (58.4) | 0.95 |
| SBP, mmHg (mean ± SD) | 148.2 ± 20.5 | 130.4 ± 22.7 | <0.0001 |
| DBP, mmHg (Mean ± SD) | 82.6 ± 12.6 | 77.6 ± 12.7 | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 159 (52.6) | 24 (11.4) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 87 (28.8) | 120 (29.0) | 0.96 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 22 (7.3) | 15 (4.8) | 0.24 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 27.9 (21.5–31.5) | 27.0 (24–30.3) | 0.03 |
| Waist Circumference, cm, median (IQR) | 98 (90–106) | 94 (84–100.8) | <0.0001 |
| Central obesity, n (%) | 210 (69.5) | 121 (39.0) | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c,%, median (IQR) | 8.2 (6.9–9.6) | 5.2 (5.0–5.4) | <0.0001 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L, (Mean ± SD) | 10.4 ± 5.4 | 5.3 ± 1.4 | <0.0001 |
| Creatinine,μmol/L, median (IQR) | 84 (62–106.8) | 77 (63–99) | 0.21 |
| Thyroid dysfunction, n (%) | 56 (18.5) | 40 (12.9) | 0.06 |
| Thyroid autoimmunity, n (%) | 64 (21.2) | 12 (3.9) | <0.0001 |
| Positive TPOAb, n (%) | 44 (14.7) | 6 (1.9) | <0.0001 |
| Positive TGAb, n (%) | 5 (1.7) | 3 (0.9) | 0.99 |
| Positive TPOAb + TGAb n (%) | 15 (5.0) | 3 (0.9) | 0.004 |