Table 3.
Risk factors for early rising asexual parasitaemia in malarious children following artemisinin-based combination treatments
| Variable | Total no. | No. with early rising asexual parasitaemia | OR (95% CI) | P value | AOR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 209 | 103 | 1 | |||
| Male | 207 | 102 | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1.0 | - | - |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| ≥ 5 | 332 | 169 | 1 | |||
| < 5 | 84 | 36 | 0.8 (0.4–1.2) | 0.19 | - | - |
| Duration of illness (days) | ||||||
| ≤ 2 days | 129 | 61 | 1 | |||
| > 2 days | 226 | 117 | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 0.42 | - | - |
| Enrolment body temperature | ||||||
| ≤ 38 °C | 230 | 123 | 1 | |||
| > 38 °C | 186 | 82 | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) | 0.06 | - | - |
| Fever on day 1 | ||||||
| Absent | 383 | 187 | 1 | |||
| Present | 30 | 16 | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | 0.63 | - | - |
| Haematocrit at presentation (day 0) | ||||||
| ≥ 30% | 320 | 156 | 1 | |||
| < 30% | 96 | 49 | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.69 | - | - |
| Haematocrit on day1 | ||||||
| ≥ 30% | 277 | 110 | 1 | |||
| < 30% | 121 | 66 | 1.5 (0.9–2.2) | 0.09 | - | - |
| FIH | ||||||
| > 0.05 | 67 | 29 | 1 | |||
| ≤ 0.05 | 113 | 58 | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.37 | - | - |
| Parasitaemia (μL−1) | ||||||
| ≥ 100,000 | 125 | 40 | 1 | 1 | ||
| < 100,000 | 291 | 165 | 2.8 (1.8–4.3) | <0.0001 | 3.3 (2.1–5.3) | <0.0001 |
| Parasitaemia on day 1 | ||||||
| Absent | 325 | 144 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Present | 91 | 61 | 2.6 (1.6–4.2) | <0.0001 | 3.8 (1.6–8.9) | 0.002 |
| PRRD1 | ||||||
| ≥ 104 | 302 | 134 | 1 | 1 | ||
| < 104 | 114 | 71 | 2.1 (1.3–3.2) | 0.001 | 0.9 (0.4–1.7) | 0.52 |
| PRRD2 | ||||||
| ≥ 104 | 378 | 187 | 1 | |||
| < 104 | 38 | 18 | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) | 0.8 | - | - |
| Fever clearance time | ||||||
| ≤ 1 day | 269 | 140 | 1 | |||
| > 1 day | 26 | 14 | 1.2 (0.5–2.7) | 0.63 | - | - |
| Season of enrolment | ||||||
| Dry | 97 | 44 | 1 | |||
| Wet | 319 | 161 | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 0.38 | - | - |
| Year of enrolment | ||||||
| ≤ 2010 | 254 | 119 | 1 | |||
| > 2010 | 162 | 86 | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 0.21 | - | - |
| Treatment | ||||||
| Artesunate-amodiaquine | 240 | 107 | 1 | |||
| Artemether-lumefantrine | 120 | 64 | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 0.12 | - | - |
| Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine | 56 | 34 | 1.9 (1.1–3.5) | 0.03 | ||
OR odd ratio, AOR adjusted odd ratio, CI confidence interval, FIH fall in haematocrit per 1000 asexual parasite cleared from peripheral, PRR D1 parasite reduction ratio 1 day after treatment began, PRR D2 parasite reduction ratio 2 days after treatment began