Table 2.
Plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations in HIV-infected and uninfected patients with syphilis by syphilis stage (pg/ml)
| HIV-infected Controls | HIV-infected | HIV-uninfected | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary/Secondary Syphilis# | Latent Syphilis# | Primary/Secondary Syphilis# | PSS HIV+ vs. -, P$ | ||
| Baseline | |||||
| N | 30 | 44 | 35 | 10 | |
| Pro-inflammatory | |||||
| IFNα | 9.88 (1.6–16.43) | 7.45 (0.8–31.35) | 7.45 (0.8–20.42) | 4.12 (0.8–24.73) | 0.5202 |
| IL1β | 1.57 (1.57–1.57) | 1.57 (1.57–1.57) | 1.57 (1.57–1.57) | 1.57 (1.57–1.57) | 0.4883 |
| IL-6 | 1.26 (1.26–1.26) | 1.26 (1.26–1.26)* | 1.26 (1.26–1.26) | 1.26 (1.26–1.26) | 0.722 |
| IL-17A | 1.52 (1.52–1.52) | 1.52 (1.52–1.52) | 1.52 (1.52–1.52) | 1.52 (1.52–1.52) | 0.8358 |
| Th1 | |||||
| IFNγ | 2.18 (1.54–4.59) | 3.52 (1.54–5.45) | 1.79 (1.54–4.59) | 4.01 (1.54–16.66) | 0.5991 |
| IL-7 | 1.11 (1.11–1.11) | 1.11 (1.11–1.36) | 1.11 (1.11–1.11) | 1.11 (1.11–1.11) | 0.357 |
| IL-12p40 | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 0.4056 |
| IL-12p70 | 1.61 (1.61–1.61) | 1.61 (1.61–1.67) | 1.61 (1.61–1.61) | 1.61 (1.61–4.08) | 0.6264 |
| Chemokines | |||||
| IL-8 | 1.6 (1.6–5.06) | 4.51 (2.41–7.43)** | 1.6 (1.6–3.15) | 1.6 (1.6–5.13) | 0.0723 |
| IP-10 | 589.4 (319.38–917.05) | 1016.1 (649.64–1451.32)** | 696.89 (455.35–1101.67) | 696.52 (426.27–1040.07) | 0.1561 |
| MCP-1 | 258.42 (179.09–307.75) | 260.1 (216.95–307.35) | 242.05 (180.35–303.1) | 247.64 (205.76–287.32) | 0.4321 |
| MIP-1α | 1.63 (1.63–3.65) | 3.09 (1.63–8.3) | 1.63 (1.63–1.63) | 1.63 (1.63–1.63) | 0.1247 |
| MIP-1β | 14.54 (0.99–22.23) | 28.59 (16.06–42.51)** | 15.2 (4.92–22.23) | 8.46 (4.92–23.05) | 0.0205 |
| Th2 | |||||
| IL-4 | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 0.4883 |
| IL-5 | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 0.3324 |
| Anti-inflammatory | |||||
| IL-10 | 1.55 (1.55–1.55) | 25.3 (4.56–41.76)*** | 2.46 (1.55–4.62)* | 2.73 (1.55–9.02)* | 0.0029 |
| 6 month | |||||
| N | 41 | 34 | 10 | ||
| Pro-inflammatory | |||||
| IFNα | 0.8 (0.8–9.27)**# | 0.8 (0.8–7.8)**# | 0.8 (0.8–0.8)*# | 0.3282 | |
| IL-1β | 1.57 (1.57–1.57) | 1.57 (1.57–1.57) | 1.57 (1.57–1.57) | 0.1798 | |
| IL-6 | 1.26 (1.26–1.26) | 1.26 (1.26–1.26) | 1.26 (1.26–1.26) | 0.7379 | |
| IL-17A | 1.52 (1.52–1.52) | 1.52 (1.52–1.52) | 1.52 (1.52–1.52) | 0.7379 | |
| Th1 | |||||
| IFNγ | 1.54 (1.54–5.09) | 1.62 (1.54–4.88) | 5.17 (1.54–13.89) | 0.0978 | |
| IL-7 | 1.11 (1.11–1.11) | 1.11 (1.11–1.11) | 1.11 (1.11–1.11) | 0.6486 | |
| IL-12p40 | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 0.2068 | |
| IL-12p70 | 1.61 (1.61–1.61) | 1.61 (1.61–1.86) | 1.61 (1.61–1.61) | 0.7639 | |
| Chemokines | |||||
| IL-8 | 1.87 (1.6–4.02) | 1.6 (1.6–1.7) | 1.66 (1.6–3.75) | 0.4406 | |
| IP-10 | 564.56 (392.18–740.03) | 592.04 (447.8–831.96) | 447 (309–593) | 0.2134 | |
| MCP-1 | 270.25 (225.5–330.3) | 261.32 (241.06–312.26) | 269 (219–297) | 0.8287 | |
| MIP-1α | 1.63 (1.63–1.63) | 1.63 (1.63–1.63) | 1.63 (1.63–1.63) | 0.6726 | |
| MIP-1β | 7.4 (0.99–20.28) | 9.17 (1.99–14) | 2.39 (0.99–12.05) | 0.249 | |
| Th2 | |||||
| IL-4 | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 0.1798 | |
| IL-5 | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 0.3621 | |
| Anti-inflammatory | |||||
| IL-10 | 1.83 (1.83–4.09)*** | 2.11 (1.83–3.37)*** | 2.26 (1.83–4.46)** | 0.6296 | |
All values are median and interquartile range. Data are n (%), median (IQR), unless otherwise stated
# P-value is for comparison with controls at baseline (Mann-Whitney U-test)
$ P-value is for comparison between HIV-infected and uninfected groups with Primary/Secondary syphilis (Mann-Whitney U-test)
*P < 0.05, ** P < 0.005, ***P < 0.0005
PSS - Primary/Secondary Syphilis