Table 2. Associations Between Physical and Organizational Factors and Upper Extremity Msds in the Past 12 Months.
| Risk Factors | Shoulder Pain, No. (%) | Elbow Pain, No. (%) | Hand/Wrist Pain, No. (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes, N = 269 | No, N = 1219 | P | Yes, N = 79 | No, N = 1409 | P | Yes, N = 207 | No, N = 1281 | P | |
| Physical | |||||||||
| Working hours with computer | 0.21 | 0.98 | 0.001 | ||||||
| < 30 minutes | 105 (39.0) | 459 (37.7) | 31 (39.2) | 533 (37.8) | 74 (35.7) | 490 (38.3) | |||
| 30 - 60 minutes | 32 (11.9) | 132 (10.8) | 9 (11.4) | 155 (11.0) | 21 (10.1) | 143 (11.2) | |||
| 1 - 2 hours | 37 (13.8) | 202 (16.6) | 13 (16.5) | 227 (16.1) | 28 (13.5) | 212 (16.5) | |||
| 2 - 5 hours | 39 (14.5) | 129 (10.6 ) | 9 (11.4) | 159 (11.3) | 26 (12.6) | 142 (11.1) | |||
| > 5 hours | 49 (18.2) | 164 (13.5) | 14 (17.7) | 199 (14.1) | 51 (24.6) | 162 (12.6) | |||
| Uncomfortable posture in | 0.01 | 0.57 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Sitting | 56 (20.8) | 189 (15.5) | 18 (22.8) | 227 (16.1) | 52 (25.1) | 193 (15.1) | |||
| Standing | 45 (16.7) | 227 (18.6) | 14 (17.7) | 258 (18.3) | 43 (20.8) | 229 (17.9) | |||
| Squatting | 90 (33.5) | 322 (26.4) | 23 (29.1) | 389 (27.6) | 64 (30.9) | 348 (27.2) | |||
| Organizational | |||||||||
| Working hours with no rest break | 0.01 | 0.41 | 0.13 | ||||||
| 1 - 2 hours | 31 (11.5) | 194 (15.9) | 11 (13.9) | 214 (15.2) | 27 (13.0) | 198 (15.5) | |||
| 2 - 5 hours | 84 (31.2) | 389 (33.0) | 23 (29.1) | 451 (32.0) | 61 (29.5) | 413 (32.2) | |||
| 5 - 8 hours | 110 (40.9) | 399 (32.7) | 29 (36.7) | 480 (34.1) | 84 (40.6) | 425 (33.2) | |||
| >s 8 hours | 34 (12.6) | 94 (7.7) | 11 (13.9) | 117 (8.3) | 24 (11.6) | 104 (8.1) | |||
| Not suitable and need to adjust/change | |||||||||
| Chair height | 70 (26.0) | 256 (21.0) | 0.21 | 21 (26.6) | 305 (21.6) | 0.4 | 50 (24.2) | 276 (21.5) | 0.71 |
| Keyboard or desk height | 68 (25.3) | 220 (18.0) | 0.03 | 24 (30.4) | 264 (18.8) | 0.02 | 56 (27.1) | 232 (18.1) | 0.01 |
| Distance to monitor | 54 (20.1) | 197 (16.2) | 0.28 | 20 (25.3) | 231 (16.4) | 0.07 | 40 (19.3) | 211 (16.5) | 0.53 |
| Chair | 77 (28.6) | 327 (26.8) | 0.99 | 24 (30.4) | 380 (27.0) | 0.73 | 55 (26.6) | 349 (27.2) | 0.47 |
| Access to adjustable desk | 51 (19.0) | 299 (24.5) | 0.01 | 19 (24.1) | 331 (23.5) | 0.87 | 43 (20.8) | 307 (24.0) | 0.1 |
| Access to adjustable footrest | 119 (44.2) | 504 (41.3) | 0.98 | 38 (48.1) | 585 (41.5) | 0.41 | 90 (43.5) | 533 (41.6) | 0.77 |
| Knowledge regarding ergonomics | 115 (42.8) | 496 (40.7) | 0.91 | 38 (48.1) | 573 (40.7) | 0.36 | 93 (44.9) | 518 (40.4) | 0.59 |