Table 4.
Cerebral cortex | Hippocampus | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||
Young | Middle-age | Old | Young | Middle-age | Old | |||||||
| ||||||||||||
Control | Metformin | Control | Metformin | Control | Metformin | Control | Metformin | Control | Metformin | Control | Metformin | |
GR | 174.1 ± 9.5 | 174.2 ± 8.7 | 172.9 ± 5.9 | 187.8 ± 8.9 | 176.2 ± 5.6 | 193.2 ± 9.6 | 212.3 ± 13.3 | 203.0 ± 9.3 | 236.7 ± 20.8 | 225.8 ± 15.5 | 226.1 ± 32.1 | 203.7 ± 8.8 |
GPx | 16.7 ± 1.1 | 19.0 ± 0.5# | 19.2 ± 0.7* | 19.1 ± 0.6 | 18.2 ± 1.1 | 18.3 ± 0.4 | 30.2 ± 3.2 | 30.7 ±2.3 | 30.6 ± 1.1 | 30.2 ± 2.2 | 34.5 ± 3.3 | 35.9 ± 2.5 |
Grdx | 29.5 ± 0.9 | 29.2 ± 0.4 | 29.0 ± 0.5 | 29.2 ± 0.6 | 29.5 ± 0.7 | 29.4 ± 0.7 | 31.8 ± 1.2 | 34.0 ± 1.7 | 32.7 ± 0.8 | 34.9 ± 1.4 | 33.8 ± 2.1 | 34.4 ± 1.1 |
TrxR | 11.8 ± 0.8 | 12.1 ± 0.7 | 11.2 ± 0.5 | 12.5 ± 0.4 | 12.4 ± 1.0 | 12.2 ± 0.5 | 14.5 ± 1.26 | 15.0 ± 2.60 | 16.0 ± 1.98 | 15.4 ± 1.50 | 18.4 ± 3.63 | 13.7 ± 1.30 |
GST | 40.3 ± 2.6 | 48.9 ± 3.1# | 53.7 ± 2.4* | 55.2 ± 2.5 | 56.7 ± 4.3* | 50.3 ± 3.1 | 177.9 ± 11.3 | 166.2 ± 11.4 | 197.5 ± 13.8 | 201.5 ±7.4 | 225.3 ± 25.4* | 186.2 ± 9.5 |
GCL | 71.5 ± 3.7 | 73.2 ± 3.5 | 79.5 ± 3.1 | 79.6 ± 3.8 | 81.4 ± 3.6 | 82.5 ± 3.8 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Each value represents the mean ± SE of 4-8 mice.
Abbreviations: GR, Glutathione reductase activity (U/mg protein); GPx, Glutathione peroxidase activity (U/mg protein); Grdx, Glutaredoxin activity (1nmol NADPH utilized/min/mg protein); TrxR, Thioredoxin reductase activity (U/mg protein); GST, Glutathione S-Transferase activity (U/mg protein); GCL, Glutamate Cysteine Ligase activity (1nmol NADH utilized/min/mg protein)
denotes significantly different from treatment-matched young, p<0.05
denotes significantly different from age-matched control, p<0.05