Table 3. Associations of operative variables and open skull base complications.

	Intraoperative		Postoperative
	Any	OR (95% CI)	Any	OR (95% CI)	Infection	OR (95% CI)	Systemic	OR (95% CI)	Delayed	OR (95% CI)
Age (avg)	53	1.03 (0.74–1.45)		0.99 (0.90–1.10)	45	0.91 (0.80–1.03)	53	1.04 (0.90–1.20)	50	0.99 (0.88–1.12)
BMI (avg)	25.5	0.84 (0.51–1.41)	27.5	0.90 (0.75–1.09)	26.3	0.95 (0.83–1.09)	28.4	1.00 (0.90–1.11)	26.3	0.82 (0.61–1.12)
Tumor
Benign	1 (2%)	1.75 (0.22–14.1)	19 (39%)	1.75 (0.79–3.88)	10 (20%)	1.41 (0.54–3.68)	7 (14%)	1.69 (0.63–4.55)	11 (22%)	1.48 (0.89–2.48)
Malignant	4 (6%)		34 (51%)		17 (25%)		14 (21%)		18 (27%)
Smoker
No	0b	p = 0.06c	22 (42%)	1.28 (0.61–2.67)	13 (25%)	0.76 (0.31–1.82)	6 (11%)b	2.4 (0.86–6.74)	12 (23%)	1.01 (0.41–2.51)
Yes	5 (8%)b		30 (48%)		14 (23%)		14 (23%)b		17 (27%)
Prior radiation
No	3 (4%)	1.13 (0.18–7.33)	32 (41%)	2.02 (0.87–4.75)	14 (18%)b	2.65 (0.89–7.88)	13 (17%)	1.44 (0.56–3.71)	18 (23%)	1.40 (0.74–2.66)
Yes	2 (5%)		21 (57%)		13 (35%)b		8 (22%)		11 (30%)
Fat graft
No	4 (4%)	3.18 (0.30–34.22)	49 (45%)	1.33 (0.35–5.14)	25 (23%)	1.22 (0.25–5.81)	19 (17%)	1.59 (0.28–8.98)	28 (26%)	2.76 (0.21–35.5)
Yes	1 (13%)		4 (50%)		2 (25%)		2 (25%)		1 (13%)
Free graft
No	4 (4%)	2.21 (0.21–23.0)	48 (45%)	1.00 (0.29–3.40)	25 (24%)	0.76 (0.14–4.13)	20 (19%)	0.42 (0.05–3.55)	27 (26%)	0.77 (0.31–1.91)
Yes	1 (9%)		5 (46%)		2 (18%)		1 (9%)		2 (18%)
Flap
No	1 (2%)	2.22 (0.42–11.7)	17 (34%)a	2.27 (1.03–5.04)	8 (16%)	2.01 (0.65–6.20)	4 (8%)a	3.98 (1.34–11.86)	8 (16%)	2.08 (0.73–5.93)
Yes	4 (6%)		36 (55%)a		19 (29%)		17 (26%)a		21 (32%)

Abbreviations: Avg, average; BMI, body mass index (kg/m²); CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^a p < 0.05.

^b p < 0.1.

^cFisher exact test.