Table 5. Univariate association of various parameters with DFS in the training, validation, and independent sets.

Variables	Training set		Validation set		Independent set
	p value	HR(95%CI)	p value	HR(95%CI)	p value	HR(95%CI)
Age (≤60 year vs.>60 year)	0.2	1.47(0.82-2.64)	0.67	0.88(1.69-5.42)	0.68	1.13(0.64-1.99)
Gender (Male vs. Female)	0.38	1.31(0.72-2.38)	0.66	0.89(0.49-1.58)	0.75	1.26(0.54-2.35)
Karnofsky score (≤70 score vs.≥80 score)	0.06	0.50(0.24-1.04)	0.66	1.13(0.52-1.51)	0.07	0.56(0.30-1.05)
Tumor location (Fronto-temporal vs. Other)	0.49	1.25(0.67-2.35)	0.61	0.87(0.65-1.98)	0.38	0.77(0.43-1.38)
Whether recurrence (Yes vs. No)	0.02	0.44 (0.22-0.88)	0.03	1.88 (1.07-3.31)	0.023	0.49 (0.26-0.93)
MGMT methylation (Yes vs. No)	0.49	0.80(0.43-1.50)	0.05	0.57(0.39-1.22)	0.7	1.11(0.64-1.94)
IDH1 mutant (Yes vs. No)	0.32	0.72(0.38-1.37)	0.25	0.68(0.32-0.99)	0.76	1.19(0.57-2.17)
Smoking (Yes vs. No)	0.22	0.65(0.32-1.29)	0.27	0.73(0.36-1.31)	0.56	1.21(0.63-2.33)
Family history of cancer (Yes vs. No)	0.88	0.94(0.45-1.98)	0.23	1.42(0.42-1.28)	0.3	1.42(0.73-2.79)
Seven-miRNA-based classifier (Low vs. High risk)	<0.0001	3.55(1.82-6.94)	<0.0001	3.02(0.80-2.51)	0.0001	3.02(1.58-5.77)