Figure 1. Fractionated radiation promotes invasiveness of breast cancer cells through EMT.
(A and B) Migration and invasion assay of MCF7 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells in transwells after fractionated irradiation (2 Gy × 3), respectively. (C) Immunocytochemistry for EMT markers such as E-cadherin and Vimentin in MCF7 cancer cells after irradiation. (D) Protein expression of EMT markers such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin in MCF7 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells after irradiation (E) Protein expression of EMT transcription factors such as SNAIL, SLUG, ZEB1 and TWIST in MCF7 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells after irradiation. (F) Invasion of GFP-transduced MCF7 spheroid cells treated in collagen-based matrix 3D culture system following irradiation. A0 represents the area of sphere at day 0 while At is the area at day 9. β-actin was used as a loading control. Error bars represent mean ± S.D. of triplicate samples. *p < 0.05, and **p < 0.01.