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. 2016 Jul 23;7(33):53430–53442. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.10802

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Copyright: © 2016 Kim et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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(A) Schematic representation of experimental scheme for treating in vivo mice model by fractionated radiation (2 Gy/day for five consistent days). (B) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of breast tumor tissue in mice 24 hour after irradiation as described above. (C) Immunohistochemistry for EMT markers such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin in breast tumor tissues of mice after irradiation. (D) Immunohistochemistry for expression of Notch2 in breast cancer tissues of mice after irradiation with 10 Gy (2 Gy × 5). (E) Schematic model that fractionated radiation promotes EMT through Notch signaling in breast cancer cells. Importantly, irradiation-activated IL-6 increases the Notch-activity via activating JAK/ STAT3 for EMT.