Table 2.
Leaf traits and growth‐forms of 60 hydrophyte species
| Species | Growth‐form | Nativeness | LA (mm2) | LDMC (mg) | SLA (mm2/mg) | LNC (mg/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Callitriche obtusangula | Pepliden | Native | 26.76 ± 0.77 | 79.77 ± 1.72 | 94.26 ± 1.2 | 46.7 ± 1.12 |
| Callitriche platycarpa | Pepliden | Native | 32.03 ± 1.47 | 68.47 ± 2.74 | 127.93 ± 3.77 | 28.07 ± 0.03 |
| Ceratophyllum demersum | Pleustophyte | Native | 108.68 ± 20.9 | 46.22 ± 4.41 | 126.25 ± 14.09 | 66.89 ± 11.09 |
| Groenlandia densa | Potamiden | Native | 39.87 ± 2.55 | 112.14 ± 2.92 | 173.28 ± 4.79 | 31.2 ± 0.42 |
| Hippuris vulgaris | Myriophylliden | Native | 52.28 ± 2.56 | 73.69 ± 1.85 | 125.02 ± 2.78 | 33.67 ± 0.18 |
| Hottonia palustris | Pleustophyte | Native | 257.74 ± 3.61 | 45.88 ± 2.73 | 187.5 ± 11.82 | 19.83 ± 0.34 |
| Hydrocharis morsus‐ranae | Pleustophyte | Native | 1365.46 ± 57.91 | 32.41 ± 1.42 | 151.97 ± 2.86 | 91.48 ± 22.75 |
| Lemna gibba | Pleustophyte | Native | 18.79 ± 0.66 | 56.87 ± 2.17 | 41.31 ± 3.03 | 36.7 ± 0.2 |
| Lemna minor | Pleustophyte | Native | 7.88 ± 0.71 | 70.05 ± 6.75 | 267.66 ± 75.7 | 27.9 ± 0.06 |
| Lemna trisulca | Pleustophyte | Native | 48.63 ± 16.95 | 42.57 ± 4.14 | 151.12 ± 11.26 | 79.24 ± 23.14 |
| Marsilea quadrifolia | Nymphaeiden | Native | 534.21 ± 39.19 | 33.47 ± 0.55 | 22.75 ± 0.4 | 31.55 ± 0.3 |
| Myriophyllum spicatum | Myriophylliden | Native | 111.5 ± 6.21 | 64.99 ± 2.26 | 111.28 ± 2.85 | 36.97 ± 0.15 |
| Myriophyllum verticillatum | Myriophylliden | Native | 278.35 ± 18.41 | 96.55 ± 3.97 | 76.41 ± 1.49 | 27.17 ± 0.12 |
| Najas marina | Potamiden | Native | 94.34 ± 5.99 | 39.83 ± 1.62 | 48.3 ± 0.96 | 23.67 ± 0.38 |
| Najas minor | Potamiden | Native | 6.23 ± 0.41 | 76.33 ± 5.13 | 121.41 ± 5.1 | 36.53 ± 0.44 |
| Nasturtium officinale | Herbiden | Native | 339.29 ± 50.75 | 101.01 ± 4.1 | 6.16 ± 0.16 | 67.17 ± 0.44 |
| Nuphar luteum | Nymphaeiden | Native | 27701.7 ± 1559.05 | 10.42 ± 0.31 | 20 ± 0.48 | 27.32 ± 0.15 |
| Nymphaea alba | Nymphaeiden | Native | 50778.54 ± 3346.24 | 9.71 ± 0.46 | 221.89 ± 7.61 | 95.3 ± 33.97 |
| Nymphoides peltata | Nymphaeiden | Native | 6894.26 ± 639.2 | 26.12 ± 1.01 | 119.15 ± 2.48 | 27.93 ± 0.03 |
| Potamogeton berchtoldii | Potamiden | Native | 60.49 ± 2.18 | 98.33 ± 4.71 | 178.77 ± 8.13 | 34.77 ± 0.44 |
| Potamogeton crispus | Potamiden | Native | 499.91 ± 12.37 | 45.33 ± 1.52 | 198.67 ± 5.95 | 42.13 ± 0.12 |
| Potamogeton lucens | Potamiden | Native | 1686.2 ± 69.82 | 41.26 ± 0.6 | 124.18 ± 1.43 | 46.7 ± 0.32 |
| Potamogeton natans | Nymphaeiden | Native | 3736.92 ± 238.7 | 31.7 ± 1.6 | 186.1 ± 4.8 | 40.93 ± 0.55 |
| Potamogeton nodosus | Nymphaeiden | Native | 4068.4 ± 222.16 | 24.23 ± 2.62 | 195.57 ± 15.24 | 34.9 ± 0.36 |
| Potamogeton pectinatus | Potamiden | Native | 61.31 ± 10.8 | 29.79 ± 2.07 | 170.69 ± 17.1 | 81.06 ± 19.93 |
| Potamogeton perfoliatus | Potamiden | Native | 654.39 ± 43.33 | 40.23 ± 0.94 | 163.93 ± 3.12 | 24.5 ± 0.36 |
| Potamogeton polygonifolius | Nymphaeiden | Native | 1529.03 ± 72.52 | 14.97 ± 0.34 | 332.58 ± 5.62 | 23.4 ± 0.21 |
| Potamogeton trichoides | Potamiden | Native | 24.36 ± 1.58 | 80.2 ± 1.8 | 220.59 ± 5.55 | 46.47 ± 0.62 |
| Ranunculus aquatilis | Myriophylliden | Native | 169.52 ± 9.91 | 42.36 ± 0.7 | 106.73 ± 1.05 | 52.93 ± 0.24 |
| Ranunculus fluitans | Myriophylliden | Native | 638.83 ± 37.34 | 25.23 ± 1.12 | 132.28 ± 3.95 | 31 ± 0.1 |
| Ranunculus trichophyllus | Myriophylliden | Native | 540.66 ± 103.55 | 42.52 ± 1.89 | 147.62 ± 15.47 | 29.97 ± 0.43 |
| Salvinia natans | Pleustophyte | Native | 126.48 ± 5.69 | 56.7 ± 2.77 | 72.22 ± 2.25 | 30.8 ± 0.21 |
| Sparganium emersum | Vallisneriden | Native | 5247.5 ± 555.75 | 42.5 ± 1.14 | 96.01 ± 3.12 | 36.83 ± 0.15 |
| Sparganium minimum | Vallisneriden | Native | 3042.35 ± 95.67 | 21.56 ± 0.55 | 21.01 ± 0.45 | 36.9 ± 0.12 |
| Spirodela polyrrhiza | Pleustophyte | Native | 45.86 ± 5.2 | 42.84 ± 3.51 | 145.83 ± 38.2 | 46.98 ± 0.32 |
| Trapa natans | Nymphaeiden | Native | 3640.73 ± 147.69 | 11.44 ± 0.2 | 223.25 ± 3.69 | 27.8 ± 0.06 |
| Utricularia australis | Pleustophyte | Native | 106.5 ± 3.95 | 133.3 ± 6.19 | 79.99 ± 1.15 | 40.43 ± 0.39 |
| Utricularia vulgaris | Pleustophyte | Native | 46.27 ± 3.67 | 163.98 ± 2.94 | 80.86 ± 1.88 | 34.57 ± 0.62 |
| Wolffia arrhiza | Pleustophyte | Native | 0.81 ± 0.03 | 103.44 ± 8.16 | 43.82 ± 2.31 | 43.1 ± 0.45 |
| Azolla filiculoides | Pleustophyte | Alien | 0.92 ± 0.05 | 41.38 ± 3.72 | 295.08 ± 22.97 | 35.37 ± 0.19 |
| Bacopa crenata | Pepliden | Alien | 75.58 ± 7.97 | 23.03 ± 1.59 | 148.71 ± 14.54 | 151.37 ± 0 |
| Cabomba caroliniana | Myriophylliden | Alien | 1507.67 ± 139.75 | 108.06 ± 10.12 | 117.53 ± 14.47 | 128.66 ± 0 |
| Ceratopteris thalictroides | Herbiden | Alien | 5477.76 ± 2033.04 | 15.1 ± 1.27 | 164.3 ± 11.5 | 133.32 ± 0 |
| Elodea canadensis | Potamiden | Alien | 26.26 ± 1.17 | 76.38 ± 4.52 | 175.26 ± 9.23 | 45.17 ± 0.41 |
| Elodea densa | Potamiden | Alien | 103.98 ± 4.4 | 92.58 ± 2.19 | 14.14 ± 0.2 | 50.63 ± 0.28 |
| Elodea nuttallii | Potamiden | Alien | 27.73 ± 1.35 | 62.29 ± 2.56 | 224.81 ± 4.6 | 33.23 ± 0.6 |
| Hydrilla verticillata | Potamiden | Alien | 112.6 ± 16.17 | 43.94 ± 5.42 | 191.46 ± 25.09 | 100.36 ± 0 |
| Lagarosiphon major | Potamiden | Alien | 17.56 ± 0.85 | 46.24 ± 0.71 | 243.62 ± 2.66 | 29.93 ± 0.24 |
| Lemna minuta | Pleustophyte | Alien | 3.07 ± 0.58 | 132.61 ± 14.84 | 123.09 ± 8.44 | 26.87 ± 0.09 |
| Myriophyllum aquaticum | Myriophylliden | Alien | 455.14 ± 18.26 | 203.2 ± 3.64 | 68.31 ± 1.06 | 30.43 ± 0.12 |
| Nymphaea odorata | Nymphaeiden | Alien | 25388.1 ± 1584.66 | 12.53 ± 0.59 | 18.68 ± 0.67 | 27.51 ± 0.19 |
| Nymphaea rubra | Nymphaeiden | Alien | 81120.32 ± 21675.02 | 15.7 ± 3.39 | 141.3 ± 34.27 | NA |
| Nymphaea x “bluebird” | Nymphaeiden | Alien | 57158.64 ± 4984.57 | 17.49 ± 0.7 | 175.98 ± 32.57 | 178.97 ± 0 |
| Nymphaea x marliacea | Nymphaeiden | Alien | 43936.7 ± 2703.14 | 13.87 ± 0.7 | 17.45 ± 1.04 | 23.88 ± 0.14 |
| Nymphaea x “purpurea” | Nymphaeiden | Alien | 59895.84 ± 3672.88 | 16.18 ± 1.06 | 213.82 ± 23.25 | 162.38 ± 0 |
| Rotala rotundifolia | Pepliden | Alien | 79.64 ± 6.41 | 16.73 ± 1.6 | 374.22 ± 23.31 | 66.44 ± 0 |
| Utricularia gibba | Pleustophyte | Alien | 328 ± 90.96 | 70.37 ± 19.21 | 52.25 ± 0 | NA |
| Vallisneria americana | Vallisneriden | Alien | 21861.6 ± 1451.61 | 43.94 ± 1.47 | 55.98 ± 1.9 | 28.5 ± 0.12 |
| Vallisneria gigantea | Vallisneriden | Alien | 17444.61 ± 2275.25 | 34.49 ± 3.13 | 72.26 ± 8.77 | 119.09 ± 0.06 |
| Vallisneria spiralis | Vallisneriden | Alien | 3365.66 ± 393.27 | 56.47 ± 4.82 | 135.21 ± 33.29 | 94.69 ± 26.78 |
Data represent the means ± SE of ten (LA, SLA, LDMC) and three (LNC) replicates. Traits are LA, leaf area; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; SLA, specific leaf area; LNC, leaf nitrogen content. Growth‐form follows Wiegleb (1991).