Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who switched to second‐line antiretroviral therapy between 2005 and 2013 at four public‐sector HIV treatment facilities in Johannesburg, South Africa
| Characteristic | Total | 2005/2006 | 2007/2008 | 2009/2010 | 2011/2012/2013 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 1236 | 71 | 269 | 266 | 630 |
| Sex (%) | |||||
| Male | 505 (40.9) | 24 (33.8) | 109 (40.5) | 116 (43.6) | 256 (40.6) |
| Female | 731 (59.1) | 47 (66.2) | 160 (59.5) | 150 (56.4) | 374 (59.4) |
| Age at second‐line initiation (%) | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 37.7 (32.5–44.4) | 38.5 (32.0–44.1) | 35.8 (31.8–42.8) | 37.2 (32.2–44.3) | 38.3 (33.1–45.0) |
| <30 | 195 (15.8) | 13 (18.3) | 46 (17.1) | 50 (18.8) | 86 (13.7) |
| 30–34 | 264 (21.4) | 12 (16.9) | 76 (28.3) | 53 (19.9) | 123 (19.5) |
| 35–39 | 278 (22.5) | 15 (21.1) | 52 (19.3) | 55 (20.7) | 156 (24.8) |
| 40–44 | 218 (17.6) | 17 (23.9) | 44 (16.4) | 50 (18.8) | 107 (17.0) |
| ≥45 | 281 (22.7) | 14 (19.7) | 51 (19.0) | 58 (21.8) | 158 (25.1) |
| Confirmatory failing viral load (copies/ml) (%) | |||||
| Log10 Median (IQR) | 4.11 (3.62–4.80) | 4.08 (3.64–5.04) | 4.08 (3.71–4.57) | 3.86 (3.49–4.49) | 4.27 (3.66–4.92) |
| <5000 | 360 (29.1) | 18 (25.4) | 65 (24.2) | 107 (40.2) | 170 (27.0) |
| 5000–9999 | 192 (15.5) | 13 (18.3) | 56 (20.8) | 44 (16.5) | 79 (12.5) |
| 10 000–49 999 | 331 (26.8) | 15 (21.1) | 92 (34.2) | 57 (21.4) | 167 (26.5) |
| 50 000–99 999 | 129 (10.4) | 6 (8.5) | 25 (9.3) | 23 (8.7) | 75 (11.9) |
| ≥100 000 | 224 (18.1) | 19 (26.8) | 31 (11.5) | 35 (13.2) | 139 (22.1) |
| Viral load at second‐line initiation (copies/ml) (%) | |||||
| Log10 Median (IQR) | 4.18 (3.64–4.81) | 4.28 (3.88–5.05) | 4.08 (3.66–4.61) | 4.00 (3.52–4.59) | 4.31 (3.66–4.93) |
| <5000 | 340 (27.5) | 10 (14.1) | 73 (27.1) | 89 (33.5) | 168 (26.7) |
| 5000–9999 | 171 (13.8) | 13 (18.3) | 46 (17.1) | 45 (16.9) | 67 (10.6) |
| 10 000–49 999 | 361 (29.2) | 23 (32.4) | 90 (33.5) | 74 (27.8) | 174 (27.6) |
| 50 000–99 999 | 134 (10.8) | 5 (7.0) | 24 (8.9) | 21 (7.9) | 84 (13.3) |
| ≥100 000 | 230 (18.6) | 20 (28.2) | 36 (13.4) | 37 (13.9) | 137 (21.8) |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) (%) | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 202.5 (114–305) | 152 (88–223) | 186 (111–274) | 195 (131–260) | 218 (113–345) |
| Missing | 10 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| <50 | 129 (10.4) | 9 (12.7) | 24 (8.9) | 20 (7.7) | 76 (12.2) |
| 50–99 | 130 (10.5) | 11 (15.5) | 32 (11.9) | 27 (10.3) | 60 (9.6) |
| 100–199 | 342 (27.7) | 27 (38.0) | 88 (32.7) | 85 (32.6) | 142 (22.7) |
| ≥200 | 625 (50.6) | 24 (33.8) | 125 (46.5) | 129 (49.4) | 347 (55.5) |
| Co‐infected with TB (%) | |||||
| Yes | 45 (3.6) | 2 (2.8) | 4 (1.5) | 3 (1.1) | 36 (5.7) |
| BMI (kg/m2) (%) | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 24.4 (21.4–28.3) | 24.4 (22.2–28.5) | 24.3 (21.4–28.4) | 23.7 (21.2–27.6) | 24.6 (21.4–28.4) |
| Missing | 56 | 2 | 19 | 9 | 26 |
| <18.5 | 69 (5.6) | 5 (7.3) | 17 (6.8) | 16 (6.2) | 31 (5.1) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 588 (47.6) | 34 (49.3) | 121 (48.4) | 131 (51.0) | 302 (50.0) |
| 25–29.9 | 320 (25.9) | 19 (27.5) | 70 (28.0) | 68 (26.5) | 163 (27.0) |
| ≥30 | 203 (16.4) | 11 (15.9) | 42 (16.8) | 42 (16.3) | 108 (17.9) |
| Anaemiaa (%) | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 12.7 (11.6–13.8) | 12.6 (11.3–13.6) | 12.8 (11.7–13.9) | 12.6 (11.4–13.6) | 12.8 (11.6–13.9) |
| Missing | 24 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 20 |
| None | 705 (57.0) | 39 (55.7) | 169 (63.1) | 133 (50.4) | 364 (59.7) |
| Mild | 297 (24.0) | 17 (24.3) | 53 (19.8) | 81 (30.7) | 146 (23.9) |
| Moderate | 196 (15.9) | 13 (18.6) | 41 (15.3) | 44 (16.7) | 98 (16.1) |
| Severe | 14 (1.1) | 1 (1.4) | 5 (1.9) | 6 (2.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| First ART regimen (%) | |||||
| TDF‐3TC‐EFV | 217 (17.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (1.9) | 212 (33.7) |
| d4T‐3TC‐EFV | 827 (66.9) | 58 (81.7) | 237 (88.1) | 216 (81.2) | 316 (50.2) |
| Otherb | 192 (15.5) | 13 (18.3) | 32 (11.9) | 45 (16.9) | 102 (16.2) |
| Second‐line ART regimen (%) | |||||
| TDF‐3TC/EMT‐LPVrc | 374 (30.3) | 1 (1.4) | 4 (1.5) | 93 (35.0) | 276 (43.8) |
| AZT‐3TC‐LPVr | 366 (29.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 13 (4.9) | 352 (55.9) |
| AZT‐ddI‐LPVr | 496 (40.1) | 70 (98.6) | 264 (98.1) | 160 (60.2) | 2 (0.3) |
| Time on first‐line ART (months) | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 18.8 (12.9–30.9) | 14.4 (10.3–18.3) | 18.3 (12.9–25.3) | 20.8 (13.3–34.2) | 19.9 (13.0–36.2) |
| Time from virologic failure to switch (months) | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 1.9 (0.9–4.6) | 2.3 (0.9–5.3) | 2.0 (1.0–4.1) | 1.8 (0.9–4.6) | 2.0 (0.9–4.6) |
| Time from second‐line switch to outcome or close of data set | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 23.6 (14.0–36.1) | 48.1 (20.1–92.9) | 34.5 (15.2–66.3) | 32.4 (12.5–45.2) | 20.4 (14.0–27.4) |
a
None: males: ≥13 g/dl, females: ≥12 g/dl; Mild: males: 11–12 g/dl, females: 11–11.9 g/dl; Moderate: 8–10 g/dL; Severe: <8 g/dl.
b
Other regimens include AZT‐3TC‐NVP/EFV, d4T‐3TC‐NVP, TDF‐3TC‐NVP, TDF‐EMT‐EFV.
c
11 patients initiated TDF‐EMT‐LPVr0.