Table 5.
Within-group and Between-group Effect Sizes of Outcomes
| Within-Group Effects | Between-Group Effects | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome [Measures] | Intervention (n=31) | Control (n=29) | |||
| Meana (95% CI) | d (95% CI) | Meana (95% CI) | d (95% CI) | d (95% CI) | |
| Cohesion | |||||
| Recipient | |||||
| Baseline | 7.27 (6.00, 8.53) | 7.01 (5.77, 8.24) | |||
| 1- Month Post | 6.96 (5.33, 8.58) | −0.09 (−0.22, 0.05) | 7.14 (5.79, 8.49) | 0.04 (−0.07, 0.15) | −0.13 (−0.27, 0.01) |
| 4-Months Post | 8.83 (7.61, 10.04) | 0.43 (0.26, 0.61)* | 7.22 (6.16, 8.28) | 0.06 (−0.05, 0.18) | 0.38 (0.20, 0.57)* |
| Caregiver | |||||
| Baseline | 6.71 (5.32, 8.10) | 6.66 (5.25, 8.06) | |||
| 1- Month Post | 6.63 (4.78, 8.48) | −0.02 (−0.15, 0.11) | 6.67 (5.05, 8.30) | 0.005 (−0.11, 0.11) | −0.03 (−0.17, 0.11) |
| 4-Months Post | 7.60 (6.13, 9.08) | 0.23 (0.07, 0.38)* | 6.63 (5.12, 8.13) | −0.01 (−0.13, 0.11) | 0.24 (0.07, 0.40)* |
| Child | |||||
| Baseline | 7.46 (6.40, 8.52) | 6.92 (5.71, 8.13) | |||
| 1- Month Post | 7.59 (6.20, 8.99) | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.16) | 6.78 (5.41, 8.14) | −0.04 (−0.15, 0.07) | 0.09 (−0.04, 0.21) |
| 4-Months Post | 7.66 (6.58, 8.74) | 0.07 (−0.10, 0.23) | 7.79 (6.69, 8.89) | 0.26 (0.14, 0.38)* | −0.21 (−0.39, −0.04)* |
| Dyadic Adjustment Scale | |||||
| Recipient | |||||
| Baseline | 116.44 (106.82, 126.05) | 117.87 (107.86, 127.88) | |||
| 1- Month Post | 117.57 (108.31, 126.83) | 0.04 (−0.09, 0.18) | 119.61 (111.07, 128.16) | 0.06 (−0.05, 0.17) | −0.02 (−0.16, 0.12) |
| 4-Months Post | 115.14 (103.79, 126.50) | −0.05 (−0.22, 0.13) | 115.79 (103.45, 128.14) | −0.08 (−0.19, 0.04) | 0.03 (−0.15, 0.21) |
| Caregiver | |||||
| Baseline | 114.50 (104.88, 124.12) | 114.05 (102.85, 125.24) | |||
| 1- Month Post | 113.29 (102.28, 124.31) | −0.04 (−0.18, 0.09) | 112.76 (101.13, 124.38) | −0.04 (−0.15, 0.06) | 0.003 (−0.14, 0.14) |
| 4-Months Post | 113.54 (102.64, 124.44) | −0.04 (−0.19, 0.12) | 111.03 (98.93, 123.13) | −0.10 (−0.22, 0.02) | 0.07 (−0.09, 0.23) |
| Emotional Distress | |||||
| Recipient | |||||
| Baseline | 20.86 (16.14, 25.58) | 22.23 (17.65, 26.81) | |||
| 1- Month Post | 16.83 (12.22, 21.45) | 0.30 (0.16, 0.44)* | 20.96 (16.73, 25.19) | 0.10 (−0.01, 0.21) | 0.21 (0.07, 0.35)* |
| 4-Months Post | 14.60 (9.06, 20.14) | 0.47 (0.29, 0.64)* | 18.80 (14.45, 23.16) | 0.27 (0.16, 0.39)* | 0.22 (0.04, 0.40)* |
| Caregiver | |||||
| Baseline | 24.19 (19.15, 29.24) | 25.55 (20.58, 30.52) | |||
| 1- Month Post | 20.36 (15.69, 25.02) | 0.27 (0.13, 0.40)* | 20.92 (16.33, 25.50) | 0.34 (0.23, 0.45)* | −0.06 (−0.20, 0.08) |
| 4-Months Post | 22.96 (17.38, 28.54) | 0.09 (−0.07, 0.24) | 20.80 (15.91, 25.69) | 0.35 (0.23, 0.46)* | −0.25 (−0.41, −0.09)* |
| Child | |||||
| Baseline | 59.84 (54.27, 65.40) | 58.42 (52.69, 64.15) | |||
| 1- Month Post | 63.62 (57.80, 69.44) | 0.24 (0.12, 0.36)* | 62.73 (56.99, 68.47) | 0.27 (0.16, 0.39)* | −0.03 (−0.16, 0.09) |
| 4-Months Post | 66.36 (60.42, 72.31) | 0.41 (0.25, 0.58)* | 64.36 (58.72, 70.00) | 0.38 (0.26, 0.50)* | 0.04 (−0.14, 0.21) |
| Avoidance Coping | |||||
| Recipient | |||||
| Baseline | 13.88 (10.62, 17.14) | 13.38 (10.40, 16.37) | |||
| 1- Month Post | 10.87 (7.37, 14.37) | 0.33 (0.19, 0.46)* | 13.91 (10.63, 17.19) | −0.06 (−0.17, 0.05) | 0.40 (0.26, 0.55)* |
| 4-Months Post | 12.54 (8.93, 16.15) | 0.15 (−0.02, 0.31) | 13.45 (10.37, 16.54) | −0.01 (−0.12, 0.10) | 0.16 (−0.01, 0.33) |
| Caregiver | |||||
| Baseline | 13.44 (10.28, 16.60) | 15.62 (12.66, 18.59) | |||
| 1- Month Post | 13.58 (9.62, 17.54) | −0.02 (−0.15, 0.12) | 14.66 (11.22, 18.10) | 0.12 (0.01, 0.23)* | −0.13 (−0.27, −0.01)* |
| 4-Months Post | 14.97 (11.64, 18.31) | −0.17 (−0.33, −0.02)* | 15.66 (12.60, 18.73) | −0.005 (−0.12, 0.11) | −0.17 (−0.34, −0.01)* |
| Child | |||||
| Baseline | 19.28 (16.30, 22.27) | 17.84 (14.69, 20.99) | |||
| 1- Month Post | 16.36 (12.62, 20.11) | 0.34 (0.22, 0.47)* | 17.20 (13.67, 20.74) | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.19) | 0.27 (0.14, 0.39)* |
| 4-Months Post | 16.31 (12.81, 19.81) | 0.35 (0.19, 0.51)* | 16.40 (12.82, 19.99) | 0.17 (0.05, 0.29)* | 0.18 (0.02, 0.34)* |
| Expressiveness | |||||
| Recipient | |||||
| Baseline | 6.22 (5.12, 7.32) | 5.81 (4.75, 6.87) | |||
| 1- Month Post | 6.48 (5.22, 7.74) | 0.08 (−0.05, 0.22) | 6.00 (4.85, 7.15) | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.18) | 0.02 (−0.12, 0.16) |
| 4-Months Post | 6.59 (5.44, 7.73) | 0.12 (−0.06, 0.29) | 5.71 (4.52, 6.89) | −0.04 (−0.15, 0.08) | 0.16 (−0.02, 0.34) |
| Caregiver | |||||
| Baseline | 5.51 (4.46, 6.56) | 5.97 (4.75, 7.19) | |||
| 1- Month Post | 5.23 (3.87, 6.58) | −0.09 (−0.23, 0.04) | 5.71 (4.36, 7.06) | −0.08 (−0.19, 0.03) | −0.01 (−0.15, 0.13) |
| 4-Months Post | 6.09 (4.65,7.53) | 0.20 (0.04, 0.35)* | 5.80 (4.43, 7.17) | −0.05 (−0.17, 0.07) | 0.24 (0.07, 0.40)* |
| Child | |||||
| Baseline | 4.61 (3.44, 5.77) | 4.48 (3.26, 5.70) | |||
| 1- Month Post | 4.97 (3.92, 6.01) | 0.11 (−0.01, 0.23) | 4.88 (3.95, 5.80) | 0.12 (0.01, 0.23)* | −0.01 (−0.13, 0.12) |
| 4-Months Post | 5.52 (4.46, 6.58) | 0.28 (0.11, 0.44)* | 4.47 (3.53, 5.41) | −0.003 (−0.12, 0.12) | 0.28 (0.11, 0.45)* |
Note:
*
95% CI for effect size does not include zero, which is equivalent to p ≤ 0.05.
a
Positive effect size reflects the desired therapy.