Table 2.

Inclusion/exclusion criteria

Inclusion	Exclusion	Justification of criteria
Study objectives included to: explore, examine, evaluate, demonstrate, assess the impact of implementing PROMs into routine clinical practice	No objectives to explore or examine the impact of implementing PROMs into routine clinical practice	Studies were restricted to those exploring PROMs use in clinical practice, excluding studies investigating their use in research. Studies which evaluated the use of PROMs as part of a larger intervention, such as counselling, were also not included as the results may not be specific to the PROMs intervention
Adult patients (aged ≥ 18) with non-malignant pain or within healthcare settings which specifically see patients with non-malignant pain	Adult patients without pain, patients with malignant pain, general healthcare settings (such as outpatients, emergency clinics, general practice patients and specialist services) where the patients may not have pain. Children or adolescents (<18)	These restrictions were placed as the experiences and treatment of malignant pain may be different to those with non-malignant pain. Children were also excluded due to the biological and psychological differences between children and adults
Primary studies (quantitative studies; qualitative studies; mixed-method studies)	Letters; conference abstracts; editorials, commentaries; reviews; dissertations; books	Studies were restricted to empirical literature, to examine the potential impact of PROMs rather than theoretical concepts of their use