Table 3.
Age-standardized all-cause mortality rates per 100.000 person years, by educational group, women
| Country/period | Educational level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Low | Middle | High | |||||
| ASMR | 95% CI | ASMR | 95% CI | ASMR | 95% CI | ASMR | 95% CI | |
| Finland | ||||||||
| 1970–1974 | 1041.7 | (1033.8–1049.3) | 1076.9 | (1068.4–1085.2) | 809.7 | (781.6–836.7) | 794.5 | (763.0–824.6) |
| 1975–1979 | 881.8 | (874.6–888.7) | 916.2 | (907.4–923.9) | 714.1 | (691.8–736.0) | 673.3 | (647.3–700.0) |
| 1980–1984 | 794.8 | (788.4–801.2) | 830.1 | (822.7–837.2) | 674.4 | (655.3–691.8) | 591.9 | (570.7–613.4) |
| 1985–1989 | 758.2 | (751.8–764.3) | 800.0 | (792.0–807.6) | 666.8 | (651.3–682.6) | 568.5 | (549.6–587.7) |
| 1990–1994 | 679.2 | (673.3–684.7) | 739.8 | (732.5–747.1) | 584.2 | (571.1–597.1) | 508.4 | (492.1–525.1) |
| 1995–1999 | 595.3 | (590.0–600.2) | 669.8 | (661.6–677.9) | 524.4 | (513.7–535.7) | 434.3 | (421.0–447.7) |
| 2000–2004 | 527.9 | (523.1–532.7) | 641.3 | (632.4–649.7) | 470.0 | (461.2–479.8) | 374.3 | (363.2–384.4) |
| 2005–2009 | 469.7 | (464.6–474.1) | 613.1 | (602.0–623.4) | 437.3 | (429.3–445.4) | 336.1 | (327.2–344.4) |
| Percent change last—first (95% CI) | −54.9% | (−55.4 to−54.3%) | −43.1% | (−44.2 to −42.0%) | −46.0% | (−48.2 to −43.9%) | −57.7% | (−59.6 to −55.7%) |
| Absolute change last—first (95% CI) | −572.0 | (−581.1 to−562.9) | −463.8 | (−477.4 to −450.2) | −372.4 | (−401.1 to −343.7) | −458.4 | (−490.4 to −426.4) |
| Norway | ||||||||
| 1970–1974 | 938.3 | (929.5–945.8) | 1000.7 | (992.4–1011.2) | 774.5 | (758.1–786.5) | 689.2 | (658.5–729.9) |
| 1975–1979 | 874.5 | (865.1–884.4) | 935.8 | (927.6–947.8) | 753.4 | (737.6–768.3) | 653.6 | (623.0–681.1) |
| 1980–1984 | 799.3 | (792.0–806.4) | 857.5 | (848.7–866.3) | 700.2 | (687.5–711.0) | 597.1 | (574.7–623.2) |
| 1985–1989 | 802.3 | (795.2–810.1) | 872.8 | (862.6–885.6) | 700.5 | (689.2–712.5) | 586.4 | (561.1–620.4) |
| 1990–1994 | 737.5 | (730.9–744.1) | 835.6 | (826.2–846.7) | 645.8 | (635.1–656.3) | 507.5 | (486.4–522.8) |
| 1995–1999 | 693.0 | (686.7–700.1) | 849.3 | (837.5–861.5) | 602.5 | (591.6–611.4) | 447.5 | (432.2–462.7) |
| 2000–2004 | 612.8 | (606.1–619.2) | 789.8 | (778.1–800.6) | 537.9 | (528.8–547.3) | 403.6 | (391.5–418.4) |
| 2005–2009 | 572.1 | (564.4–579.7) | 764.3 | (749.0–781.6) | 513.5 | (500.4–523.2) | 372.3 | (360.9–388.6) |
| Percent change last—first (95% CI) | −39.0% | (−40.0 to −38.1%) | −23.6% | (−25.3 to −21.6%) | −33.7% | (−35.7 to −31.6%) | –46.0% | (−49.6 to −42.1%) |
| Absolute change last—first (95% CI) | −366.2 | (−377.9 to −354.5) | −236.4 | (−257.4 to −215.4) | −261.0 | (−280.8 to −241.2) | –316.9 | (−357.4 to −276.4) |
| England and Wales | ||||||||
| 1970–1974 | 1114.9 | (1091.7–1138.8) | 1090.8 | (1066.0–1114.2) | NA | NA | 828.5 | (724.5–948.8) |
| 1975–1979 | 1001.1 | (979.8–1021.8) | 1009.4 | (986.0–1034.4) | NA | NA | 686.2 | (602.0–776.2) |
| 1980–1984 | 929.9 | (909.3–951.4) | 942.6 | (922.4–964.3) | NA | NA | 677.8 | (596.4–760.2) |
| 1985–1989 | 842.7 | (822.5–863.5) | 857.0 | (837.3–877.6) | NA | NA | 630.9 | (559.9–701.5) |
| 1990–1994 | 795.6 | (776.3–815.3) | 810.9 | (789.2–832.5) | NA | NA | 557.2 | (505.0–617.4) |
| 1995–1999 | 721.2 | (702.9–740.9) | 747.0 | (725.6–769.3) | NA | NA | 459.2 | (415.7–505.3) |
| 2000–2004 | 639.7 | (623.5–656.7) | 673.9 | (655.0–693.7) | NA | NA | 443.4 | (403.0–484.4) |
| 2005–2009 | 569.7 | (551.0–587.8) | 610.8 | (590.2–634.4) | NA | NA | 417.5 | (378.2–459.5) |
| Percent change last—first (95% CI) | −48.9% | (−50.8 to −46.7%) | −44.0% | (−46.4 to −41.6%) | NA | NA | −49.6% | (−57.0 to −39.7%) |
| Absolute change last—first (95% CI) | −545.2 | (–575.1 to −515.3) | –480.0 | (–512.7 to −447.3) | NA | NA | −411.0 | (−530.3 to −291.7) |
| France | ||||||||
| 1975–1979 | 665.0 | (645.2–684.8) | 681.0 | (660.0–703.3) | 561.3 | (489.4–641.5) | 485.8 | (372.7–591.8) |
| 1980–1984 | 619.8 | (595.4–644.2) | 637.4 | (611.4–664.4) | 523.3 | (436.5–613.6) | 480.9 | (346.5–625.6) |
| 1985–1989 | 589.9 | (568.9–610.9) | 614.0 | (590.9–637.0) | 478.3 | (411.4–546.9) | 366.1 | (277.8–458.7) |
| 1990–1994 | 510.2 | (493.5–526.8) | 544.9 | (524.0–566.0) | 412.0 | (372.6–454.4) | 337.3 | (270.4–408.8) |
| 1995–1999 | 489.9 | (471.9–507.8) | 548.2 | (524.3–573.2) | 364.6 | (328.1–401.9) | 330.3 | (265.0–402.0) |
| 2000–2004 | 424.1 | (409.2–438.9) | 475.4 | (454.2–495.7) | 379.1 | (348.6–406.5) | 287.2 | (241.5–331.2) |
| 2005–2009 | 427.9 | (411.1–444.6) | 496.7 | (472.3–526.1) | 381.5 | (351.5–412.8) | 282.6 | (238.3–327.2) |
| Percent change last—first (95% CI) | −35.7% | (−38.8 to −32.4%) | −27.1% | (−31.5 to −22.7%) | −32.0% | (−41.8 to −20.4%) | −41.8% | (–55.5 to −20.4%) |
| Absolute change last—first (95% CI) | −237.1 | (−263.0 to −211.2) | −184.3 | (−218.8 to −149.8) | −179.8 | (−261.8 to −97.8) | −203.2 | (−321.4 to −85.0) |
| Italy (Turin) | ||||||||
| 1970–1974 | 866.2 | (851.2–881.5) | 877.6 | (862.0–893.5) | 715.7 | (654.7–776.4) | 615.1 | (499.0–741.1) |
| 1975–1979 | 809.4 | (794.2–824.3) | 819.7 | (804.5–835.0) | 687.1 | (634.4–749.2) | 593.2 | (499.2–706.1) |
| 1980–1984 | 718.7 | (706.8–731.4) | 724.5 | (711.6–738.3) | 620.2 | (575.4–665.6) | 597.6 | (508.8–689.3) |
| 1985–1989 | 620.9 | (609.5–633.5) | 629.4 | (616.0–642.8) | 543.1 | (501.9–583.1) | 506.0 | (428.7–582.1) |
| 1990–1994 | 556.7 | (545.7–568.1) | 574.0 | (559.4–587.1) | 463.2 | (431.8–495.4) | 432.6 | (378.0–488.7) |
| 1995–1999 | 495.3 | (484.2–506.6) | 507.9 | (495.0–520.2) | 447.1 | (417.4–477.5) | 415.4 | (372.5–462.0) |
| 2000–2004 | 422.9 | (412.6–433.2) | 438.1 | (425.8–450.7) | 406.9 | (382.1–431.0) | 380.6 | (347.0–416.4) |
| 2005–2009 | 367.8 | (357.1–377.6) | 401.7 | (386.7–416.4) | 316.5 | (295.8–339.8) | 293.2 | (260.3–327.0) |
| Percent change last—first (95% CI) | −57.5% | (−58.8 to −56.2%) | −54.2% | (−56.0 to −52.4%) | −55.8% | (−60.7 to −50.6%) | –52.3% | (−60.8 to −39.7%) |
| Absolute change last—first (95% CI) | −498.4 | (−516.7 to −480.1) | −475.9 | (−497.5 to −454.3) | −399.2 | (−463.9 to −334.5) | –321.9 | (−447.5 to −196.3) |
| Hungary | ||||||||
| 1970–1974 | 1230.6 | (1224.2–1236.0) | 1228.5 | (1222.5–1234.8) | 1244.7 | (1214.8–1280.7) | 1320.7 | (1252.0–1387.9) |
| 1980–1984 | 1276.5 | (1270.2–1282.4) | 1274.5 | (1268.8–1281.0) | 1286.9 | (1261.6–1311.4) | 1731.8 | (1671.0–1797.6) |
| 1990–1994 | 1213.6 | (1207.8–1219.3) | 1248.9 | (1242.9–1257.8) | 1233.5 | (1212.2–1257.1) | 826.8 | (795.2–852.6) |
| 2000–2004 | 1022.7 | (1018.1–1027.1) | 1145.8 | (1138.9–1153.0) | 718.3 | (708.4–730.6) | 706.1 | (683.0–722.3) |
| Percent change last—first (95% CI) | −16.9% | (−27.5 to −16.4%) | −6.7% | (−7.596 to −6.0%) | −42.3% | (−44.0 to −40.5%) | −46.5% | (−49.5 to −43.4%) |
| Absolute change last—first (95% CI) | −207.9 | (−215.3 to −200.4) | −82.8 | (−92.1 to −73.4) | −526.4 | (−561.1 to −491.6) | −614.6 | (−685.4 to −543.8) |
In England and Wales, mortality rates among ‘low’ and ‘middle’ educated were combined because ‘middle’ education is not available in the 1980s and 1990s
AS MR age-standardized mortality rate, NA not available, CI confidence interval