Table 3.
Direct healthcare costs associated to lifestyle-related risk factors
| Chronic diseases | Direct healthcare costs (CAN $2010) | Risk factors (RF) | Adj. PAFa (%) | Costs attributable to risk factors ($) | Total costs adjusted for multiple exposition ($) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) Pulmonary diseases | |||||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease | $394,736,365 | Smoking | 49.52 | $195,464,225 | $221,658,019 |
| Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables | 13.14 | $51,887,048 | |||
| Asthma | $335,893,285 | Smoking | 9.88 | $33,195,061 | $77,751,443 |
| Obesity and overweight | 14.72 | $49,442,607 | |||
| (2) Cancers | |||||
| Lung cancers | $151,601,720 | Smoking | 70.56 | $106,973,175 | $111,056,160 |
| Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables | 9.15 | $13,869,767 | |||
| Breast cancers | $77,422,929 | Physical inactivity | 4.55 | $3,520,702 | $21,058,496 |
| Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables | 23.73 | $18,373,294 | |||
| Post-menopausal breast cancers | $61,164,114 | Obesity and overweight | 4.29 | $2,621,537 | $2,621,537 |
| Colon and rectum cancers | $131,935,455 | Obesity and overweight | 22.71 | $29,963,004 | $47,049,393 |
| Physical inactivity | 16.76 | $22,106,957 | |||
| (3) Cardiovascular diseases | |||||
| Stroke | $457,390,301 | Smoking | 16.48 | $75,356,930 | $161,321,080 |
| Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables | 6.17 | $28,230,351 | |||
| Physical inactivity | 12.48 | $57,064,937 | |||
| Obesity and overweight | 5.63 | $25,751,457 | |||
| Ischemic heart diseases | $963,691,242 | Smoking | 23.55 | $226,961,558 | $522,497,040 |
| Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables | 8.57 | $82,558,945 | |||
| Physical inactivity | 9.67 | $93,144,537 | |||
| Obesity and overweight | 27.50 | $264,972,860 | |||
| Hypertension | $968,824,255 | Smoking | 6.25 | $60,584,638 | $436,253,706 |
| Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables | 22.24 | $215,504,459 | |||
| Obesity and overweight | 24.59 | $238,211,364 | |||
| (4) Metabolic disease | |||||
| Type II diabetes | $379,683,944 | Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables | 1.89 | $7,161,712 | $258,622,744 |
| Physical inactivity | 10.85 | $41,212,151 | |||
| Obesity and overweight | 63.55 | $241,271,621 | |||
| (5) Musculoskeletal diseases | |||||
| Osteoarthritis | $238,593,747 | Obesity and overweight | 41.21 | $98,326,933 | $98,326,933 |
| Direct costs of chronic diseases | $4,160,937,358 | Total costs attributable to risk factors | $1,958,216,550 | ||
Canada 2016
aPopulation attributable fraction