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. 2016 Dec 20;4(2):145–150. doi: 10.1002/acn3.379

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Carbonylated proteins are increased in the CSF of patients with MS compared to non‐MS controls, and levels in MS patients correlate directly with disease duration and disability scores. (A) Protein carbonyls were quantified in CSF samples collected from patients with various noninflammatory neurologic diseases (NIND, n = 17), clinically isolated syndromes (CIS, n = 23), relapsing‐remitting MS (RRMS, n = 39) or secondary‐progressive MS (SPMS, n = 11). Mean concentrations in each group were significantly different from one another (P < 0.0001). (B–D) When CIS, RRMS, and SPMS patient samples were grouped together (n = 73), CSF carbonylated protein levels correlated directly with disease duration and EDSS score, but not with age. Correlation coefficients (r) and two‐tailed P ‐values are shown. CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid; MS, multiple sclerosis; EDSS, expanded disability status scale.