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Schematic representation of culture system on alginate hydrogel disc used to assess the effect of BMP-2 delivery mode on osteogenic differentiation of human BM-MSCs and photographs of ALP stained human BM-MSCs. (a) Top-down release system, (b) bottom-up release system, and (c) quantification of ALP activity for BM-MSCs cultured under each mode of delivery. The values represent the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). ∗p < 0.05 compared with top-down release system at 7 days.
