Table 2.

Literature review of somatostatin and octreotide for treatment of chyle leak.

Author	Year	Patients	Surgery	Treatment dosage	Treatment duration	Treatment start to leak cessation	Additional measures	Comments
Somatostatin
Coşkun and Yildirim [19]	2010	1	Thyroidectomy + L MRND	3 mg iv Qday	5 days	1 day	Suction drainage Dietary modifications
Ulíbarb et al. [20]	1990	1	Supraglottic laryngectomy + L MRND	6 mg iv Qday	12 days	5 days	Suction drainage Dietary modifications Pressure dressing
Octreotide
Ahn et al. [21]	2012	2	L MRND (1) Thyroidectomy + R MRND (1)	100 µg sc Q8–12	11 days	11 days	Suction drainage Pressure dressing
Al-Sebeih et al. [22]	2001	1	Total laryngectomy + B MRND	100 µg sc Q8	Not specified	3 days	Suction drainage Dietary modifications	B chylothoraces requiring chest tubes
Harlak et al. [23]	2008	1	R MRND	100 µg sc Q8	15 days	15 days	Suction drainage Dietary modifications Pressure dressing Surgical exploration w/fibrin glue	Metastatic breast cancer Reexploration for persistent leak
Jain et al. [24]	2015	19	Left neck dissection (19)	100 µg sc Q8	Low output 5 days High output 7 days	Low output 2–4 days High output 5 days	Suction drainage Dietary modifications Pressure dressing	Low output <500 mL/24 hours, high output >500 mL/24 hours
Jiménez et al. [25]	2008	1	Thyroidectomy + B MRND	100 µg sc Q8 > somatostatin 6 mg iv Qday	11 days	N/A	Suction drainage Dietary modifications Surgical Exploration	Right sided chyle leak Leak resolved with definitive surgical intervention Switched from octreotide to somatostatin
El Dabe Mikhail et al. [26]	2009	1	Thyroidectomy	Not specified	5 days	5 days	Dietary modifications Pressure dressing
Nyquist et al. [27]	2003	1	Thyroidectomy + L MRND	100 µg sc Q8	8 days	1 day	Suction drainage Dietary modifications Pressure dressing
Ogi et al. [28]	2013	1	Thyroidectomy + B MRND	100 µg sc Q12	3 days	3 days	Suction drainage Dietary modifications
Prabhu and Thomas [29]	2015	1	L radical neck dissection	100 µg sc Q8	14 days	14 days	Suction drainage Dietary modifications Surgical exploration w/tetracycline	L chylothorax Side effect: vomiting
Rodier et al. [30]	2011	1	Thyroidectomy + central & L MRND (1)	100 µg sc Q8	6 days	6 days	Suction drainage Dietary modifications
Srikumar et al. [31]	2006	1	L radical neck dissection	200 µg sc Qday	14 days	14 days	Suction drainage Dietary modifications	B chylothoraces requiring chest tubes
Suver et al. [32]	2004	1	B MRND + mediastinal dissection	4 µg/kg/hr	7	7	Suction drainage Dietary modifications	Lymphatic malformation in 10-month-old child
Suslu et al. [33]	2014	3	Thyroidectomy + L MRND (1) Thyroidectomy + B MRND (1) Radical neck dissection (1)	100 µg sc Q8	7.5	6.5	Suction drainage Dietary modifications Surgical exploration	L chylothorax (1) Failed surgical exploration (2) Laterality not specified
Swanson et al. [34]	2015	12	L MRND (3) R MRND (1) Thyroidectomy + B MRND (3) Thyroidectomy (4) Parathyroidectomy (1)	100 µg sc Q8	9.4	5.5	Suction drainage Dietary modifications
Touska et al. [35]	2002	1	R completion thyroid lobectomy	200 µg sc Q8	17	10	Suction drainage Dietary modifications	No suction drain initially Reoperation for suspected abscess Discharged with 7-day course of octreotide
Valentine et al. [36]	2002	1	Thyroidectomy + L MRND	50–100 µg sc Q8	24	24	Suction drainage Dietary modifications	Octreotide dose increased from 50 ug to 100 µg sc Q8 not effective
Khurana et al. [37]	2009	1	Thyroidectomy + B MRND	100 µg sc Q8	Not specified	Not specified	Suction drainage Dietary modifications Surgical exploration	B chylothoraces requiring chest tubes Leak site not identified

L = left; R = right; B = bilateral; MRND = modified radical neck dissection.