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BMP2 induces gene expression through Smad4-dependent and -independent mechanisms. (A) Western blot analysis of Smad4 protein levels in ST2 cells infected with a lentivirus expressing shRNA for Smad4 or LacZ (control). (B to J) Effects of Smad4 knockdown on BMP2-induced gene expression assayed by qPCR or Alpl staining after 6 h (B and C) or 96 h (D to J) of treatment. *, P < 0.05 (n = 3). Error bars indicate standard deviations.
