Table 2. Associations between glucoregulatory peptides and AGM.
| Peptide model | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P-trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLP-1 | |||||
| Crude | 1.00 (reference) | 1.27 (0.52, 3.09) | 0.75 (0.30, 1.88) | 1.22 (0.52, 2.88) | 0.579 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.12 (0.49, 2.58) | 0.77 (0.33, 1.80) | 0.95 (0.42, 2.16) | 0.735 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.88 (0.39, 1.97) | 0.60 (0.26, 1.36) | 0.55 (0.20, 1.52) | 0.727 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (0.44, 2.30) | 0.64 (0.27, 1.49) | 0.64 (0.24, 1.70) | 0.720 |
| Glicentin | |||||
| Crude | 1.00 (reference) | 1.15 (0.55, 2.43) | 0.92 (0.43, 1.97) | 0.58 (0.24, 1.37) | 0.550 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.37 (0.60, 3.14) | 1.08 (0.53, 2.19) | 0.47 (0.21, 1.04) | 0.274 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.27 (0.44, 3.67) | 0.87 (0.33, 2.27) | 0.26 (0.13, 0.54) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.60 (0.68, 3.74) | 0.77 (0.33, 1.76) | 0.32 (0.16, 0.62) | 0.001 |
| Oxyntomodulin | |||||
| Crude | 1.00 (reference) | 2.75 (1.52, 4.96) | 0.86 (0.37, 2.00) | 0.60 (0.22, 1.65) | <0.001 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 2.23 (1.18, 4.18) | 0.94 (0.42, 2.08) | 0.63 (0.23, 1.71) | 0.003 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 2.85 (1.43, 5.68) | 0.95 (0.40, 2.26) | 0.50 (0.21, 1.20) | 0.005 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 2.06 (1.01, 4.20) | 0.93 (0.43, 2.04) | 0.61 (0.26, 1.41) | 0.008 |
| PYY | |||||
| Crude | 1.00 (reference) | 1.27 (0.33, 4.84) | 1.71 (0.45, 6.54) | 2.48 (0.67, 9.17) | 0.240 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.26 (0.38, 4.17) | 1.56 (0.50, 4.89) | 1.74 (0.47, 6.42) | 0.608 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.04 (0.26, 4.16) | 1.08 (0.30, 3.90) | 1.16 (0.20, 6.65) | 0.916 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.19 (0.29, 5.93) | 1.64 (0.40, 6.66) | 1.94 (0.48, 7.87) | 0.495 |
| Cholecystokinin | |||||
| Crude | 1.00 (reference) | 2.00 (0.96, 4.16) | 1.14 (0.54, 2.41) | 0.75 (0.30, 1.87) | 0.150 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.72 (0.76, 3.88) | 1.14 (0.58, 2.26) | 0.84 (0.37, 1.92) | 0.284 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.73 (0.73, 4.07) | 1.01 (0.49, 2.12) | 0.82 (0.35, 1.91) | 0.267 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.68 (0.76, 3.72) | 1.06 (0.55, 2.06) | 0.76 (0.34, 1.68) | 0.340 |
| Ghrelin | |||||
| Crude | 1.00 (reference) | 0.83 (0.35, 1.97) | 1.05 (0.45, 2.45) | 1.24 (0.59, 2.58) | 0.837 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.88 (0.39, 1.99) | 0.95 (0.42, 2.15) | 0.98 (0.51, 1.89) | 0.961 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.40 (0.56, 3.45) | 0.98 (0.41, 2.36) | 0.71 (0.29, 1.71) | 0.975 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.01 (0.49, 2.05) | 0.87 (0.42, 1.82) | 0.72 (0.35, 1.49) | 0.999 |
| VIP | |||||
| Crude | 1.00 (reference) | 1.24 (0.55, 2.78) | 1.21 (0.60, 2.43) | 0.56 (0.18, 1.74) | 0.497 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.46 (0.63, 3.41) | 1.18 (0.63, 2.22) | 0.55 (0.19, 1.56) | 0.248 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 2.03 (0.88, 4.69) | 0.95 (0.42, 2.12) | 0.34 (0.13, 0.89) | 0.043 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.84 (0.78, 4.33) | 0.94 (0.47, 1.90) | 0.46 (0.19, 1.11) | 0.111 |
| Secretin | |||||
| Crude | 1.00 (reference) | 1.69 (0.77, 3.68) | 1.17 (0.44, 3.12) | 1.05 (0.41, 2.72) | 0.472 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.02 (0.46, 2.27) | 0.85 (0.35, 2.06) | 0.74 (0.32, 1.73) | 0.930 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.82 (0.33, 2.04) | 0.77 (0.30, 1.97) | 0.48 (0.18, 1.27) | 0.613 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.10 (0.52, 2.30) | 0.88 (0.37, 2.08) | 0.63 (0.27, 1.46) | 0.733 |
GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; PYY, peptide YY; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide. All data are presented as PR (95% CI); Model 1 for all glucoregulatory peptides was adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity; Model 2 for all glucoregulatory peptides was adjusted for age, BMI, duration from first attack of AP, sex, ethnicity, etiology, recurrence, severity, smoking, and physical activity; Model 3 was adjusted for only those risk factors found to be significant in Model 2. Model 3 for GLP-1 was adjusted for severity, ethnicity, and age. Model 3 for oxyntomodulin was adjusted for severity, ethnicity, and age. Model 3 for glicentin was adjusted for etiology, severity, ethnicity, age, and BMI. Model 3 for PYY was adjusted for severity. Model 3 for cholecystokinin was adjusted for severity, ethnicity, and BMI. Model 3 for ghrelin was adjusted for severity, ethnicity, age, and BMI. Model 3 for VIP was adjusted for severity, ethnicity, age, and smoking. Model 3 for secretin was adjusted for ethnicity, age, and severity. Significant (P<0.05) associations are shown in bold.