Table 3. Associations between oxyntomodulin, glicentin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide and all glucoregulatory peptides.
| Peptide model |
Oxyntomodulin |
Glicentin |
VIP |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | P value | R2 | β (95% CI) | P value | R2 | β (95% CI) | P value | R2 | |
| Oxyntomodulin | |||||||||
| Unadjusted | – | – | – | 0.24 (−0.05, 0.52) | 0.103 | 0.032 | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | <0.001 | 0.376 |
| Model 1 | – | – | – | 0.26 (−0.03, 0.54) | 0.075 | 0.072 | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | <0.001 | 0.385 |
| Model 2 | – | – | – | 0.24 (−0.03, 0.52) | 0.083 | 0.132 | 0.01 (0.01, 0.03) | <0.001 | 0.450 |
| Model 3 | – | – | – | 0.24 (−0.05, 0.52) | 0.103 | 0.032 | 0.01 (0.01, 0.03) | <0.001 | 0.428 |
| Glicentin | |||||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.14 (−0.03, 0.30) | 0.111 | 0.032 | – | – | – | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.405 | 0.009 |
| Model 1 | 0.15 (−0.02, 0.33) | 0.087 | 0.044 | – | – | – | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.425 | 0.025 |
| Model 2 | 0.15 (−0.02, 0.32) | 0.083 | 0.103 | – | – | – | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.460 | 0.128 |
| Model 3 | 0.14 (−0.03, 0.30) | 0.101 | 0.060 | – | – | – | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.420 | 0.096 |
| Cholecystokinin | |||||||||
| Unadjusted | 19.76 (13.02, 26.51) | <0.001 | 0.306 | 8.96 (−2.31, 20.23) | 0.119 | 0.033 | 0.31 (0.19, 0.43) | <0.001 | 0.262 |
| Model 1 | 19.56 (12.90, 26.21) | <0.001 | 0.308 | 8.81 (−2.34, 19.96) | 0.121 | 0.076 | 0.31 (0.19, 0.43) | <0.001 | 0.273 |
| Model 2 | 20.09 (13.48, 26.69) | <0.001 | 0.338 | 7.97 (−2.88, 18.83) | 0.150 | 0.133 | 0.32 (0.21, 0.42) | <0.001 | 0.417 |
| Model 3 | 19.76 (13.02, 26.51) | <0.001 | 0.306 | 8.96 (−2.31, 20.23) | 0.119 | 0.033 | 0.30 (0.19, 0.41) | <0.001 | 0.387 |
| Ghrelin | |||||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.13 (−0.16, 0.41) | 0.381 | 0.009 | 0.31 (−0.06, 0.68) | 0.105 | 0.032 | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.08) | 0.199 | 0.020 |
| Model 1 | 0.13 (−0.16, 0.41) | 0.379 | 0.017 | 0.34 (−0.03, 0.71) | 0.069 | 0.072 | 0.03 (−0.02, 0.08) | 0.189 | 0.027 |
| Model 2 | 0.14 (−0.16, 0.43) | 0.359 | 0.077 | 0.24 (−0.13, 0.62) | 0.199 | 0.121 | 0.04 (−0.01, 0.08) | 0.130 | 0.155 |
| Model 3 | 0.13 (−0.16, 0.41) | 0.381 | 0.009 | 0.31 (−0.06, 0.68) | 0.105 | 0.032 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.07) | 0.261 | 0.104 |
| VIP | |||||||||
| Unadjusted | 35.61 (25.61, 45.61) | <0.001 | 0.376 | 7.45 (−10.08, 24.98) | 0.405 | 0.009 | – | – | – |
| Model 1 | 36.14 (26.29, 45.99) | <0.001 | 0.387 | 7.12 (−10.38, 24.62) | 0.425 | 0.045 | – | – | – |
| Model 2 | 38.34 (27.96, 48.71) | <0.001 | 0.413 | 6.71 (−11.09, 24.52) | 0.460 | 0.115 | – | – | – |
| Model 3 | 35.61 (25.61, 45.61) | <0.001 | 0.376 | 7.45 (−10.08, 24.98) | 0.405 | 0.009 | – | – | – |
| GLP-1 | |||||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.01 (−0.16, 0.18) | 0.915 | 0.000 | 0.10 (−0.13, 0.32) | 0.402 | 0.009 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) | 0.081 | 0.036 |
| Model 1 | 0.02 (−0.15, 0.19) | 0.826 | 0.010 | 0.09 (−0.14, 0.31) | 0.457 | 0.041 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) | 0.099 | 0.040 |
| Model 2 | 0.05 (−0.15, 0.25) | 0.610 | 0.071 | 0.03 (−0.23, 0.29) | 0.826 | 0.104 | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.06) | 0.051 | 0.185 |
| Model 3 | 0.01 (−0.16, 0.18) | 0.915 | 0.000 | 0.10 (−0.13, 0.32) | 0.402 | 0.009 | 0.02 (0.00, 0.05) | 0.087 | 0.122 |
| PYY | |||||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | 0.538 | 0.005 | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.05) | 0.342 | 0.011 | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.331 | 0.012 |
| Model 1 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.04) | 0.307 | 0.019 | 0.01 [−0.02, 0.05) | 0.494 | 0.042 | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.226 | 0.021 |
| Model 2 | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.04) | 0.213 | 0.093 | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.04) | 0.622 | 0.108 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) | 0.240 | 0.143 |
| Model 3 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | 0.538 | 0.005 | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.05) | 0.342 | 0.011 | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.366 | 0.100 |
| Secretin | |||||||||
| Unadjusted | 42.32 (28.44, 56.20) | <0.001 | 0.301 | 32.94 (11.95, 53.93) | 0.002 | 0.106 | 0.76 (0.51, 1.00) | <0.001 | 0.313 |
| Model 1 | 45.25 (31.72, 58.76) | <0.001 | 0.323 | 32.27 (11.30, 53.24) | 0.003 | 0.130 | 0.78 (0.53, 1.01) | <0.001 | 0.331 |
| Model 2 | 53.89 (39.76, 68.02) | <0.001 | 0.376 | 29.76 (7.26, 52.27) | 0.010 | 0.183 | 0.82 (0.58, 1.06) | <0.001 | 0.447 |
| Model 3 | 42.32 (28.44, 56.20) | <0.001 | 0.301 | 32.94 (11.95, 53.93) | 0.002 | 0.106 | 0.82 (0.58, 1.07) | <0.001 | 0.353 |
GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; PYY, peptide YY; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide. All data are presented as β coefficient (95% CI); Model 1 for all glucoregulatory peptides was adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity; Model 2 for all glucoregulatory peptides was adjusted for age, BMI, duration from first attack of AP, sex, ethnicity, etiology, recurrence, severity, smoking, and physical activity; Model 3 was adjusted for only those risk factors found to be significant in Model 2. Model 3 for glicentin and oxyntomodulin was adjusted for duration. Model 3 for oxyntomodulin and VIP was adjusted for etiology, and duration. Model 3 for oxyntomodulin and secretin was adjusted for etiology, ethnicity, recurrence, and duration. Model 3 for glicentin and VIP was adjusted for duration. Model 3 for glicentin and secretin was adjusted for etiology, recurrence, and duration. Model 3 for VIP and cholecystokinin was adjusted for etiology and duration. Model 3 for VIP and ghrelin, GLP-1, and PYY were adjusted for duration. Model 3 for VIP and secretin was adjusted for etiology. Significant (P<0.05) associations are shown in bold.