Table 2. Hazards ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) attained for different clinical factors and plasma levels of ghrelin on prognosis of gastric cancer among patients hospitalized in the cancer institute of Iran in 2011–2012.
| Determinant parameter | Subgroup(s) |
Univariate Cox analyses |
Multiple Cox model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person-years (Total=130.05) | Deaths (N=43) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | ||
| TNM stage | I | 9.97 | 1 | Reference | Reference |
| II | 70.59 | 20 | 2.84 (0.78–11.19) P=0.33 | 2.62 (0.47–14.46) P=0.35 | |
| III | 49.49 | 22 | 4.41 (1.21–14.78) P=0.032 | 4.88 (1.10–21.77) P=0.041 | |
| Cachexia | No | 55.90 | 11 | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 59.39 | 27 | 2.49 (1.22–5.07) P=0.012 | 2.99 (1.35–6.63) P=0.007 | |
| Undetermined | 14.76 | 5 | 1.72 (0.60–5.00) P=0.32 | 1.85 (0.52–6.53) P=0.35 | |
| Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy | Yes | 85.11 | 25 | Reference | Reference |
| No | 44.94 | 18 | 1.41 (0.92–2.19) P=0.17 | 2.02 (1.04–3.92) P=0.04 | |
| Preoperative total Ghrelin | ≤25th percentile | 37.83 | 8 | Reference | Reference |
| 25th–50th percentile | 26.92 | 16 | 2.75 (1.47–6.46) P=0.02 | 2.67 (1.11–6.38) P=0.03 | |
| 50th–75th percentile | 29.07 | 12 | 1.95 (1.11–4.98) P=0.15 | 2.32 (1.01–5.35) P=0.048 | |
| ≥75th percentile | 30.02 | 5 | 0.75 (0.24–2.30) P=0.61 | 0.78 (0.22–2.73) P=0.70 | |
| Grade | Well-differentiated | 21.81 | 4 | Reference | Reference |
| Moderately differentiated | 68.59 | 22 | 1.77 (0.61–5.14) P=0.30 | 2.65 (0.81–8.70) P=0.11 | |
| Poorly differentiated | 39.65 | 17 | 2.29 (0.76–6.87) P=0.14 | 1.53 (0.52–4.52) P=0.41 | |
| Adjusted HRs (95% CI) attained for other ghrelins when substituted for preoperative total ghrelin in the modela | |||||
| Preoperative active Ghrelin | ≤25th percentile | 38.31 | 6 | Reference | Reference |
| 25th–50th percentile | 21.62 | 15 | 4.78 (1.83–12.47) P=0.001 | 4.92 (1.80–13.54) P=0.002 | |
| 50th–75th percentile | 25.75 | 13 | 3.40 (1.28–9.01) P=0.01 | 2.87 (1.11–7.38) P=0.03 | |
| ≥75th percentile | 35.94 | 7 | 1.30 (0.44–3.89) P=0.64 | 1.97 (0.59–6.54) P=0.27 | |
| Postoperative total Ghrelin | ≥75th percentile | 35.97 | 7 | Reference | Reference |
| 50th–75th percentile | 30.50 | 6 | 0.95 (0.32–2.82) P=0.9 | 1.02 (0.28–3.67) P=0.9 | |
| 25th–50th percentile | 34.77 | 9 | 1.32 (0.49–3.54) P=0.58 | 1.23 (0.34–4.40) P=0.7 | |
| ≤25th percentile | 22.72 | 20 | 4.86 (2.01–11.73) P<0.001 | 4.29 (1.48–12.44) P=0.007 | |
| Postoperative total Ghrelin | ≥50th percentile | 66.47 | 13 | Reference | Reference |
| <50th percentile | 57.50 | 29 | 2.64 (1.37–5.11) P=0.004 | 2.33 (1.01–5.41) P=0.049 | |
| Postoperative active Ghrelin | ≥75th percentile | 33.86 | 7 | Reference | Reference |
| 50th–75th percentile | 34.63 | 9 | 1.25 (0.46–3.36) P=0.57 | 0.75 (0.26–2.16) P=0.6 | |
| 25th–50th percentile | 26.44 | 7 | 1.31 (0.45–3.78) P=0.54 | 0.87 (0.28–2.75) P=0.8 | |
| ≤25th percentile | 25.80 | 15 | 2.80 (1.13–6.96) P=0.02 | 1.68 (0.68–4.14) P=0.26 | |
TNM, tumor-node-metastasis staging.
a
HRs attained by other ghrelins in sensitivity analysis when they were separately substituted for preoperative total ghrelin in the base model developed.