Table 5. Five well-being factors resulting from exploratory factor analysis of the development sample.

The five well-being factors resulting from exploratory factor analysis of the development sample. Cronbach's α for each factor and items with factor loadings (only loadings <-0.30 or >0.30). Greyed out items were excluded from the final model due to inconclusive factor loadings, and were not included in the confirmatory factor analysis. One item was dropped to improve internal reliability of factor (n=645).

		Engagement	Relationship	Meaning	Negative	Health
Cronbach's α		0.79	0.77	0.88	0.64	0.92
Item	Original PERMA-P factor
How often do you become absorbed in what you are doing?	Engagement	0.84
In general, how often do you feel joyful?	Positive emotion	0.84
In general, to what extent do you feel excited and interested in things?	Engagement	0.65
How often do you lose track of time while doing something you enjoy?	Engagement	0.54
In general, how often do you feel positive?	Positive emotion	0.46
How much of the time do you feel you are making progress towards accomplishing your goals?	Achievement	0.42		0.36
To what extent do you feel appreciated?	Relationship		1.06
How satisfied are you with your personal relationships?	Relationship		0.86
To what extent do you receive help and support from others when you need it?	Relationship		0.53
In general, to what extent do you feel contented?	Positive emotion		0.47
To what extent do you generally feel you have a sense of direction in your life?	Meaning		0.40	0.38
In general, to what extent do you lead a purposeful and meaningful life?	Meaning			0.99
In general, to what extent do you feel that what you do in your life is valuable and worthwhile?	Meaning			0.69
How often do you achieve the important goals you have set for yourself? 1	Achievement			0.56
How often do you feel frustrated?	Negative emotion				0.66
How often do you feel sad?	Negative emotion				0.63
How often do you feel anxious?	Negative emotion				0.64
How satisfied are you with your current physical health?	Health					0.99
In general, how would you say your health is?	Health					0.88
Compared to others of your same age and sex, how is your health?	Health					0.89
How often are you able to handle your responsibilities?	Achievement