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. 2017 Feb 2;7:41471. doi: 10.1038/srep41471

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

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(a) Stem longitudinal section showing the increased width of cortex and cortical cells in PhCESA3-silenced plants (right) compared to control plants (left). (b) Stem transverse section showing the uneven surface in PhCESA3-silenced plants (right) compared to control plants (left). (c) Leaf transverse section showing the thickened leaf in the PhCESA3-silenced plants (right) compared to the control plant (left). (d) Pedicel transverse section showing the thickened pedicel in the PhCESA3-silenced plants (right) compared to the control plant (left). (e,f) Pedicel transverse (e) and longitudinal (f) sections showing the increased width of cortical cells in PhCESA3-silenced plants (right) compared to control plants (left). (g) Petal limb transverse section showing the thickened petal limb in the PhCESA3-silenced plants (right) compared to the control plant (left). Solid and hollow arrows indicate the cell shape of the adaxial and abaxial sides, respectively. (h) The adaxial epidermal cells of petal limb showing sleek cells in the PhCESA3-silenced plants (bottom) compared to the control plant (top). (i) The abaxial epidermal cells of petal limb showing the uneven size and irregular shape of cells in the PhCESA3-silenced plants (bottom) compared to the control plant (top). (j,m) Transverse section showing the thickened filament (j) and style (m) in the PhCESA3-silenced plants (right) compared to the control plant (left). (k,n) Marrow transverse section of filament and style showing the irregularly arranged marrow cells and different cell sizes in the PhCESA3-silenced plants (right) compared to the control plant (left). (l) Filament cortex transverse section showing the irregularly arranged cortical cells and uneven cell sizes in the PhCESA3-silenced plants (right) compared to the control plant (left). (o), Style transverse section showing the width of epidermal cells in the PhCESA3-silenced plants (right) compared to the wild-type plant (left). The cortex (co), cambium (ca), and xylem elements (xe) are indicated. Bars = 250 μm in (a,b,f,j,m); bars = 100 μm in (e,c); bars = 500 μm in (d,l); bars = 50 μm in (g,k,n,o); bars = 10 μm in (h,i).