Table 4. Effects of PhCESA3 silencing on the cell walls.

	TRV (Control)	TRV-PhCESA3	TRV-PhCESA3/TRV (%)
Epidermal cell walls of stems (μm)	5.35 ± 0.60	4.38 ± 0.44*	82
Adaxial epidermal cell walls of petal limbs (μm)	1.71 ± 0.54	0.92 ± 0.02*	54
Abaxial epidermal cell walls of petal limbs (μm)	2.33 ± 0.55	0.59 ± 0.03*	25
Epidermal cell walls of filaments (μm)	2.84 ± 0.21	1.71 ± 0.16*	60
Cortical cell walls of stems (μm)	1.27 ± 0.08	1.18 ± 0.08*	93
Xylem cell walls of stems (μm)	1.16 ± 0.06	1.19 ± 0.07*	103

^*Data are means ± SE from 15 to 20 samples. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t test with 15 to 20 replicates. Asterisk means significant difference at P = 0. 05 level.